Exercise physiology exam 2
conducting and respiratory zones what are the zones of ventilation
this zone is for air transport and humidification
conducting zone
(get air in, no gas exchange)
respiratory zone this zone is for gas exchange (alveoli)
always moves from high to low what is the movement of pressure changes?
as the diaphragm contracts, the chest cavity
becomes bigger so more air molecules could what happens with pressure and volume during
flow in. since volume is high, pressure will be inspiration
lower.
chest cavity becomes smaller because you are
what happens with pressure and volume during
letting go of all the air, meaning the volume is
expiration
lower making the pressure higher.
true or false: volume is inversely related to
True
pressure.
pulmonary minute ventilation the volume of air breathed in/out each minute
what is the equation for pulmonary minute
VE = breathing rate x tidal volume
ventilation
hr x sv what is the equation for cardiac output
DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP) what is the equation for mean arterial pressure
HR x SBP what is the equation for rate pressure product
this ratio helps determine the amount of oxygen
in the blood. It tells you if there is enough air for
Ventilation to perfusion ratio
the amount of blood. Both needs to match to
get oxygen into the blood.
ventilation air getting to the lungs
perfusion blood flowing through the lungs
, too little air or too much blood What does low V/Q mean
what are the two key determinants of the body’s
concentration of gasses and pressure
O2 supply
oxygen moves from high pressure to low what is the main principle that explains how
pressure oxygen moves from the air to the muscle
what is the oxygen pressure like in the
high oxygen pressure (PO2)
atmosphere
slightly lower than the atmosphere (due to
oxygen pressure in the lungs water vapor diluting inspired air), but still higher
than blood
oxygen binds to hemoglobin to transport it to
what happens to oxygen once it is in the blood
the muscles
what is the full pathway of oxygen movement
atmosphere →lungs → blood → muscle
from environment to muscle
a majorit of Co2 in the blood is converted into
bicarbonate (HCO3-) another form to make it easier to transport.
roughly about 70%
about 20% of Co2 binds to this and is carried
hemoglobin
through the blood this way
bicarbonate 70%, hemoglobin 20%, and plasma what are the three ways co2 is transported in
5% the blood
this molecule makes hemoglobin let go of
DPG oxygen more easily so muscles can get the
oxygen they need
during exercise, the body produces signals to
muscles produce CO2, less pH, temperature tell hemoglobin to release oxygen faster to
increases, DPG increases working muscles. Also known as the
oxyhemoglobin curve.
anemia low concentration of hemoglobin in blood
when athletes have low concentration of
hemoglobin due to high blood volume. basically
sports anemia
the blood is diluted, and not actually lacking
rbcs.
increased blood volume, foot strike hemolysis, what factors promotes sports anemia in
exertional hemolysis, menses, and low iron comparison to traditional anemia
conducting and respiratory zones what are the zones of ventilation
this zone is for air transport and humidification
conducting zone
(get air in, no gas exchange)
respiratory zone this zone is for gas exchange (alveoli)
always moves from high to low what is the movement of pressure changes?
as the diaphragm contracts, the chest cavity
becomes bigger so more air molecules could what happens with pressure and volume during
flow in. since volume is high, pressure will be inspiration
lower.
chest cavity becomes smaller because you are
what happens with pressure and volume during
letting go of all the air, meaning the volume is
expiration
lower making the pressure higher.
true or false: volume is inversely related to
True
pressure.
pulmonary minute ventilation the volume of air breathed in/out each minute
what is the equation for pulmonary minute
VE = breathing rate x tidal volume
ventilation
hr x sv what is the equation for cardiac output
DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP) what is the equation for mean arterial pressure
HR x SBP what is the equation for rate pressure product
this ratio helps determine the amount of oxygen
in the blood. It tells you if there is enough air for
Ventilation to perfusion ratio
the amount of blood. Both needs to match to
get oxygen into the blood.
ventilation air getting to the lungs
perfusion blood flowing through the lungs
, too little air or too much blood What does low V/Q mean
what are the two key determinants of the body’s
concentration of gasses and pressure
O2 supply
oxygen moves from high pressure to low what is the main principle that explains how
pressure oxygen moves from the air to the muscle
what is the oxygen pressure like in the
high oxygen pressure (PO2)
atmosphere
slightly lower than the atmosphere (due to
oxygen pressure in the lungs water vapor diluting inspired air), but still higher
than blood
oxygen binds to hemoglobin to transport it to
what happens to oxygen once it is in the blood
the muscles
what is the full pathway of oxygen movement
atmosphere →lungs → blood → muscle
from environment to muscle
a majorit of Co2 in the blood is converted into
bicarbonate (HCO3-) another form to make it easier to transport.
roughly about 70%
about 20% of Co2 binds to this and is carried
hemoglobin
through the blood this way
bicarbonate 70%, hemoglobin 20%, and plasma what are the three ways co2 is transported in
5% the blood
this molecule makes hemoglobin let go of
DPG oxygen more easily so muscles can get the
oxygen they need
during exercise, the body produces signals to
muscles produce CO2, less pH, temperature tell hemoglobin to release oxygen faster to
increases, DPG increases working muscles. Also known as the
oxyhemoglobin curve.
anemia low concentration of hemoglobin in blood
when athletes have low concentration of
hemoglobin due to high blood volume. basically
sports anemia
the blood is diluted, and not actually lacking
rbcs.
increased blood volume, foot strike hemolysis, what factors promotes sports anemia in
exertional hemolysis, menses, and low iron comparison to traditional anemia
