BIOL 1001 LSU Crousillac Final
Chapter 10-12, 14 Test Questions
Solved Correctly.
gene - Answer unit of DNA that encodes info needed to produce proteins, cells, & entire
organisms;
can be a few hundred to many thousands of nucleotides in length
locus - Answer location of a gene on a chromosome
autosomes - Answer non-sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes - Answer carry the same kinds of genes for the same
characteristics
alleles - Answer alternative versions of genes found at the same gene locus; formed by
mutations
homozygous - Answer homologous chromosomes carry same allele at gene locus
heterozygous - Answer two homologous chromosomes carry different alleles at given locus;
also called hybrid
Punnett Square Method - Answer predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes from
combinations of parental gametes
1. Assign letters to the different alleles of the characteristic under consideration
(dominant=uppercase, recessive=lowercase)
2. determine the possible gametes from both parents
3. write gametes from each parent along each side of 2x2 grid
4. fill in genotypes of each pair of combined gametes in the grid
5. determine genotypic ration based on outcome
6. based on dominant and recessive traits, calculate predicted phenotype
.Gregor Mendel - Answer discovered patterns of inheritance and many essential facts about
genes, alleles, and distribution of alleles during reproduction; used pea plants to see patterns in
way plant characteristics were inherited
, why did Mendel use pea plants? - Answer has both carpel (female) and stamen (male)
reproductive structures and naturally self-fertilize; was able to cross-fertilize
pollen from stamen transfers to carpel
key to Mendel's success - Answer chose a simple design, studies one trait at a time and
followed several generations
ex. white vs purple flowers
true breeding - Answer homozygous for a characteristic
genotype - Answer particular combination of the 2 alleles carried by an individual
phenotype - Answer physical expression of the genotype (purple or while flowers)
test cross - Answer used to deduce whether an organism w/ a dominant phenotype is
homozygous or heterozygous
female sex chromosomes - Answer two X chromosomes
male sex chromosomes - Answer X chromosome and Y chromosome
incomplete dominance - Answer when the heterzygous phenotype is intermediate btw the
two homozygous phenotypes,
some alleles are incompletely dominant over others
blood type - Answer single gene may have multiple alleles, produce types A,B,AB,O from 3
alleles, A,B,o
alleles A and B - Answer code for enzymes that add different sugar molecules to the ends of
glycoproteins that protrude from red blood cells
allele o - Answer codes for nonfunctional enzymes that do not add any sugar molecules
codominance - Answer when heterozygotes express the phenotypes of both the
homozygotes (both A and B glycoproteins in AB blood type)
Chapter 10-12, 14 Test Questions
Solved Correctly.
gene - Answer unit of DNA that encodes info needed to produce proteins, cells, & entire
organisms;
can be a few hundred to many thousands of nucleotides in length
locus - Answer location of a gene on a chromosome
autosomes - Answer non-sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes - Answer carry the same kinds of genes for the same
characteristics
alleles - Answer alternative versions of genes found at the same gene locus; formed by
mutations
homozygous - Answer homologous chromosomes carry same allele at gene locus
heterozygous - Answer two homologous chromosomes carry different alleles at given locus;
also called hybrid
Punnett Square Method - Answer predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes from
combinations of parental gametes
1. Assign letters to the different alleles of the characteristic under consideration
(dominant=uppercase, recessive=lowercase)
2. determine the possible gametes from both parents
3. write gametes from each parent along each side of 2x2 grid
4. fill in genotypes of each pair of combined gametes in the grid
5. determine genotypic ration based on outcome
6. based on dominant and recessive traits, calculate predicted phenotype
.Gregor Mendel - Answer discovered patterns of inheritance and many essential facts about
genes, alleles, and distribution of alleles during reproduction; used pea plants to see patterns in
way plant characteristics were inherited
, why did Mendel use pea plants? - Answer has both carpel (female) and stamen (male)
reproductive structures and naturally self-fertilize; was able to cross-fertilize
pollen from stamen transfers to carpel
key to Mendel's success - Answer chose a simple design, studies one trait at a time and
followed several generations
ex. white vs purple flowers
true breeding - Answer homozygous for a characteristic
genotype - Answer particular combination of the 2 alleles carried by an individual
phenotype - Answer physical expression of the genotype (purple or while flowers)
test cross - Answer used to deduce whether an organism w/ a dominant phenotype is
homozygous or heterozygous
female sex chromosomes - Answer two X chromosomes
male sex chromosomes - Answer X chromosome and Y chromosome
incomplete dominance - Answer when the heterzygous phenotype is intermediate btw the
two homozygous phenotypes,
some alleles are incompletely dominant over others
blood type - Answer single gene may have multiple alleles, produce types A,B,AB,O from 3
alleles, A,B,o
alleles A and B - Answer code for enzymes that add different sugar molecules to the ends of
glycoproteins that protrude from red blood cells
allele o - Answer codes for nonfunctional enzymes that do not add any sugar molecules
codominance - Answer when heterozygotes express the phenotypes of both the
homozygotes (both A and B glycoproteins in AB blood type)
