Bio 1001 Exam 1 (Paul, LSU) Practice
Questions with Accurate Solutions
2025-2026 Updated.
List the following from smallest to largest: ecosystem, atom, community, molecule, species, cell,
population, tissues, organism, biosphere, organs, organ system. - Answer Atoms, molecules,
cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, species, population, community, ecosystem,
biosphere
Describe an ionic bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons being transferred between
any atoms. Ex. NaCl
Describe a covalent bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons being shared between
two or more atoms. Ex. CO2
Describe a nonpolar bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons that are shared equally
between bonds.
Describe a polar bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons that are shared unequally
between bonds. Ex. H2O
Describe a hydrogen bond and give an example. - Answer Bonds between a slightly positive
hydrogen and a nearby slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen. Ex. H2O-H2O
The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. It has a membrane around it and is
where RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes. - Answer Nucleus
Minute particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the
cytoplasm of living cells. They bind mRNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and
proteins. - Answer Ribosomes
A structure within or outside a cell consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
They form naturally during the processes of secretion (exocytosis), uptake (endocytosis), and
the transport of materials within the plasma membrane. - Answer Vesicle
Manufacturer of lipids and in some cases to the metabolism of them and associated products. -
Answer Smooth ER
,A membraneous organelle that has a large surface area covered in ribosomes. - Answer
Rough ER
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells,
involved in secretion and intracellular transport. - Answer Golgi Apparatus
Membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all
types of biological polymers. - Answer Lysosomes
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of
respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being
folded inward to form layers (cristae) - Answer Mitochondria
What are the four macromolecules we discussed? - Answer Carbs, lipids, protein, and nucleic
acids.
What do carbs do? - Answer Energy storage via sugar. Ex. cellulose, starch, rice, glucose.
What do proteins do? - Answer transports materials, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling.
Ex. insulin and keratin.
What do lipids do? - Answer Energy storage via fat. Ex. butter, cholesterol fat, and oils.
What do nucleic acids do? - Answer Codes for genetic information. Ex. DNA and RNA
A protein that transports molecules is a __________. - Answer Transport protein
Something attracted to water is ________. - Answer Hydrophilic
A structure that helps cells maintain their shape is the __________. - Answer Cytoskeleton
Something that repels water is ________. - Answer Hydrophobic
A lipid connected to a carbohydrate is a _______. - Answer Glycolipid
A protein that binds a certain molecule is a _________. - Answer Receptor protein
, A protein that speeds up a reaction is a(n) _________. - Answer Enzyme
The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water
molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially
permeable membrane. - Answer Osmosis
The process by which molecules, atoms, or ions diffuse through a semipermeable membrane
down their concentration gradient without the assistance of transporter proteins. - Answer
Simple diffusion
The passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. - Answer Facilitated
diffusion
A process that involves the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a
region of higher concentration against a gradient or an obstacle with the use of external energy.
- Answer Active transport
The process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a
vesicle. - Answer Endocytosis
The process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion
of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. - Answer Exocytosis
A substance that cannot be broken down or converted to similar substances by ordinary
chemical reactions. - Answer Element
The smallest unit of an element that retain the properties of the element. - Answer Atoms
A process that forms and breaks chemical bonds that hold atoms together in molecules. -
Answer Chemical reaction
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms, bears no charge and has a mass
approximately equal to that of a proton. - Answer Neutron
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms; it bears a unit of positive charge and
has a relatively large mass, roughly equal to the mass of a neutron. - Answer Proton
A subatomic particle found in an electron shell outside the nucleus of an atom, that bears a unit
of negative charge and very little mass. - Answer Electron
Questions with Accurate Solutions
2025-2026 Updated.
List the following from smallest to largest: ecosystem, atom, community, molecule, species, cell,
population, tissues, organism, biosphere, organs, organ system. - Answer Atoms, molecules,
cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, species, population, community, ecosystem,
biosphere
Describe an ionic bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons being transferred between
any atoms. Ex. NaCl
Describe a covalent bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons being shared between
two or more atoms. Ex. CO2
Describe a nonpolar bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons that are shared equally
between bonds.
Describe a polar bond and give an example. - Answer Electrons that are shared unequally
between bonds. Ex. H2O
Describe a hydrogen bond and give an example. - Answer Bonds between a slightly positive
hydrogen and a nearby slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen. Ex. H2O-H2O
The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. It has a membrane around it and is
where RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes. - Answer Nucleus
Minute particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the
cytoplasm of living cells. They bind mRNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and
proteins. - Answer Ribosomes
A structure within or outside a cell consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
They form naturally during the processes of secretion (exocytosis), uptake (endocytosis), and
the transport of materials within the plasma membrane. - Answer Vesicle
Manufacturer of lipids and in some cases to the metabolism of them and associated products. -
Answer Smooth ER
,A membraneous organelle that has a large surface area covered in ribosomes. - Answer
Rough ER
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells,
involved in secretion and intracellular transport. - Answer Golgi Apparatus
Membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all
types of biological polymers. - Answer Lysosomes
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of
respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being
folded inward to form layers (cristae) - Answer Mitochondria
What are the four macromolecules we discussed? - Answer Carbs, lipids, protein, and nucleic
acids.
What do carbs do? - Answer Energy storage via sugar. Ex. cellulose, starch, rice, glucose.
What do proteins do? - Answer transports materials, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling.
Ex. insulin and keratin.
What do lipids do? - Answer Energy storage via fat. Ex. butter, cholesterol fat, and oils.
What do nucleic acids do? - Answer Codes for genetic information. Ex. DNA and RNA
A protein that transports molecules is a __________. - Answer Transport protein
Something attracted to water is ________. - Answer Hydrophilic
A structure that helps cells maintain their shape is the __________. - Answer Cytoskeleton
Something that repels water is ________. - Answer Hydrophobic
A lipid connected to a carbohydrate is a _______. - Answer Glycolipid
A protein that binds a certain molecule is a _________. - Answer Receptor protein
, A protein that speeds up a reaction is a(n) _________. - Answer Enzyme
The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water
molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially
permeable membrane. - Answer Osmosis
The process by which molecules, atoms, or ions diffuse through a semipermeable membrane
down their concentration gradient without the assistance of transporter proteins. - Answer
Simple diffusion
The passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. - Answer Facilitated
diffusion
A process that involves the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a
region of higher concentration against a gradient or an obstacle with the use of external energy.
- Answer Active transport
The process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a
vesicle. - Answer Endocytosis
The process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion
of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. - Answer Exocytosis
A substance that cannot be broken down or converted to similar substances by ordinary
chemical reactions. - Answer Element
The smallest unit of an element that retain the properties of the element. - Answer Atoms
A process that forms and breaks chemical bonds that hold atoms together in molecules. -
Answer Chemical reaction
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms, bears no charge and has a mass
approximately equal to that of a proton. - Answer Neutron
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms; it bears a unit of positive charge and
has a relatively large mass, roughly equal to the mass of a neutron. - Answer Proton
A subatomic particle found in an electron shell outside the nucleus of an atom, that bears a unit
of negative charge and very little mass. - Answer Electron
