PSYC 331 TEST PAPER 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Wundt did research with Robert Bunsen involving - ✔✔the effects of a salt-restricted
diet
✔✔What did Catherine Cox's biographical study of historical geniuses suggest? - ✔✔If
tests had been available, virtually all of them would have achieved high IQs in
childhood.
✔✔One of the purposes of Darwin's book, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and
Animals, was to show that - ✔✔many human reactions with no obvious survival or
utilitarian value today did have an adaptive purpose in the evolutionary past.
✔✔Alfred Russel Wallace is known for which of the following? - ✔✔independently
developing the theory of evolution by natural selection and having a paper on it read
jointly with one by Darwin in 1858
✔✔The major purpose for which Galton devised the idea of intelligence tests was to -
✔✔select the most able young people for eugenic breeding.
✔✔In 1905, who developed the first test of intelligence with substantial validity? -
✔✔Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
✔✔As a result of organizing his data into __________, Galton noticed a pattern he
termed regression toward the mean. - ✔✔scatter plots
✔✔Charles Spearman theorized that all intellectual tasks must entail two kinds of
factors, a single common factor which he called __________ and a second kind that
focused on - ✔✔general intelligence; specific abilities
✔✔Who is credited with translating the Binet-Simon scale into English? - ✔✔Goddard
✔✔A British political economist and demographer whose writings on population growth
influenced Charles Darwin's development of the theory of evolution by natural selection
was - ✔✔Thomas Malthus
✔✔Who among the following was the first psychologist to promote the use of Binet-type
intelligence tests in America? - ✔✔Henry Goddard
✔✔________ was a Wundt-trained German psychologist recruited to Harvard by
William James in 1892 to take over main responsibility for psychology. - ✔✔Hugo
Munsterberg
, ✔✔James believed that the best metaphor for conscious thought is as a - ✔✔stream
✔✔A criterion for "truth" that William James adopted early and retained throughout his
life was to accept as true - ✔✔ideas that it proved useful to believe in.
✔✔As part of his recovery from his personal crisis, William James adopted philosopher
and psychologist __________'s practice of repeating morally desirable actions (in
James's case, more optimistic thoughts) so that they become permanent and automatic
__________. - ✔✔Alexander Bain; habits
✔✔The finding that when certain stimulus-response sequences are followed by
pleasure they are strengthened and when followed by annoyance or pain they tend to
be "stamped out" exemplifies - ✔✔Thorndike's law of effect.
✔✔Who was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? - ✔✔Francis
Cecil Sumner, supervised by Hall
✔✔Mary Whiton Calkins's research on "paired associates" revealed that - ✔✔numerals
associated with vivid colors were remembered somewhat better than those with neutral
colors.
✔✔Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark were students of __________ and are
known for __________. - ✔✔Francis Cecil Sumner; conducting the famous doll studies
of racial identity in black and white children that were cited as part of the U.S. Supreme
Court case that desegregated public schools
✔✔G. Stanley Hall advocated which of the following approaches in his theory of child
development? - ✔✔A "recapitulationist" view, that individual development parallels the
evolution of the species
✔✔The system of psychology that grew out of Darwinian thinking and focuses attention
on the utility and purpose of behavior is known as - ✔✔functionalism
✔✔ Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of studying the history of
psychology? - ✔✔allows us to predict future developments
✔✔Descartes believed that the - ✔✔body and mind interact and mutually influence
each other, with neither always dominating
✔✔Historians who argue that the "spirit of the times" influenced individuals'
achievements and the way they were received align with what approach to history? -
✔✔zeitgeist approach
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Wundt did research with Robert Bunsen involving - ✔✔the effects of a salt-restricted
diet
✔✔What did Catherine Cox's biographical study of historical geniuses suggest? - ✔✔If
tests had been available, virtually all of them would have achieved high IQs in
childhood.
✔✔One of the purposes of Darwin's book, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and
Animals, was to show that - ✔✔many human reactions with no obvious survival or
utilitarian value today did have an adaptive purpose in the evolutionary past.
✔✔Alfred Russel Wallace is known for which of the following? - ✔✔independently
developing the theory of evolution by natural selection and having a paper on it read
jointly with one by Darwin in 1858
✔✔The major purpose for which Galton devised the idea of intelligence tests was to -
✔✔select the most able young people for eugenic breeding.
✔✔In 1905, who developed the first test of intelligence with substantial validity? -
✔✔Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
✔✔As a result of organizing his data into __________, Galton noticed a pattern he
termed regression toward the mean. - ✔✔scatter plots
✔✔Charles Spearman theorized that all intellectual tasks must entail two kinds of
factors, a single common factor which he called __________ and a second kind that
focused on - ✔✔general intelligence; specific abilities
✔✔Who is credited with translating the Binet-Simon scale into English? - ✔✔Goddard
✔✔A British political economist and demographer whose writings on population growth
influenced Charles Darwin's development of the theory of evolution by natural selection
was - ✔✔Thomas Malthus
✔✔Who among the following was the first psychologist to promote the use of Binet-type
intelligence tests in America? - ✔✔Henry Goddard
✔✔________ was a Wundt-trained German psychologist recruited to Harvard by
William James in 1892 to take over main responsibility for psychology. - ✔✔Hugo
Munsterberg
, ✔✔James believed that the best metaphor for conscious thought is as a - ✔✔stream
✔✔A criterion for "truth" that William James adopted early and retained throughout his
life was to accept as true - ✔✔ideas that it proved useful to believe in.
✔✔As part of his recovery from his personal crisis, William James adopted philosopher
and psychologist __________'s practice of repeating morally desirable actions (in
James's case, more optimistic thoughts) so that they become permanent and automatic
__________. - ✔✔Alexander Bain; habits
✔✔The finding that when certain stimulus-response sequences are followed by
pleasure they are strengthened and when followed by annoyance or pain they tend to
be "stamped out" exemplifies - ✔✔Thorndike's law of effect.
✔✔Who was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? - ✔✔Francis
Cecil Sumner, supervised by Hall
✔✔Mary Whiton Calkins's research on "paired associates" revealed that - ✔✔numerals
associated with vivid colors were remembered somewhat better than those with neutral
colors.
✔✔Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark were students of __________ and are
known for __________. - ✔✔Francis Cecil Sumner; conducting the famous doll studies
of racial identity in black and white children that were cited as part of the U.S. Supreme
Court case that desegregated public schools
✔✔G. Stanley Hall advocated which of the following approaches in his theory of child
development? - ✔✔A "recapitulationist" view, that individual development parallels the
evolution of the species
✔✔The system of psychology that grew out of Darwinian thinking and focuses attention
on the utility and purpose of behavior is known as - ✔✔functionalism
✔✔ Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of studying the history of
psychology? - ✔✔allows us to predict future developments
✔✔Descartes believed that the - ✔✔body and mind interact and mutually influence
each other, with neither always dominating
✔✔Historians who argue that the "spirit of the times" influenced individuals'
achievements and the way they were received align with what approach to history? -
✔✔zeitgeist approach
