EDHD320 Exam 1 With Complete Solutions
Principles of Lifespan Development - ANSWER multidimensional,
multidirectional, plastic, multiple contexts
major theoretical principles - ANSWER 1. Psychoanalytic theories (Freud &
Erikson)
2. Behaviorist and social learning theories
3. Cognitive theories (Piaget)
4. Sociocultural systems theory (Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner)
5. Ethology and evolutionary developmental theory
Freud psychosexual theory - ANSWER says that behavior is driven by
unconscious impulses outside our awareness
Erikson's Psychosocial theory - ANSWER says that the role of social world,
society, and culture in shaping development
behaviorism - ANSWER examines only observable behavior and believes all
behavior is influenced by physical and social environment
social learning theory - ANSWER theory that says that people actively process
information, and their thoughts and feelings influence behavior
observational learning - ANSWER people learn through observing and imitating
models
reciprocal determinism - ANSWER individuals and environment interact and
influence each other (individuals are active in development)
Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory - ANSWER says that children and adults
are active explorers in their world
information processing theory - ANSWER theory that views thinking as
information processing; mind words in ways similar to computer
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - ANSWER theory that examines how cultural is
transmitted from one generation to the next through social interaction,
emphasizes role of cultural context
Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological systems theory - ANSWER says that
development is result of interactions among biological, cognitive, and
psychological changes within person and their changing context
, mitosis - ANSWER process by which DNA replicates itself and forms new cells
with identical genetic material
chromosome - ANSWER holds basic unit of heredity (genes)
Dizygotic twins (DZ) - ANSWER more than one ovum and each is fertilized by
different sperm
Like any other sibling pair (fraternal twins)
Monozygotic twins (MZ) - ANSWER one zygote splits into 2 distinct separate but
identical zygotes
Identical twins
Dominant-Recessive inheritance - ANSWER some genes are dominant and
always expressed; others are recessive and only expressed if paired with
another recessive gene
incomplete dominance - ANSWER both genes influence the characteristic
polygenic inheritance - ANSWER traits formed through interaction of many
genes
Ex: intelligence, temperament
genomic imprinting - ANSWER expression of gene is determined by whether it is
inherited from mother or father
mutation - ANSWER changes and abnormalities in the structure of genes
genotype - ANSWER genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype - ANSWER An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
prenatal development - ANSWER transformative process in which fertilized
ovum, or zygote, progresses through several periods of development, finally
emerging from womb as neonate
stages of prenatal development - ANSWER zygote, embryo, fetus
Germinal (zygote, conception-2 weeks)
Embryo (3rd-8th week)
Fetal (9th week-birth)
stages of childbirth - ANSWER dilation, delivery, expulsion of placenta
apgar scale - ANSWER Quick and easy overall assessment of baby's immediate
health after birth
Principles of Lifespan Development - ANSWER multidimensional,
multidirectional, plastic, multiple contexts
major theoretical principles - ANSWER 1. Psychoanalytic theories (Freud &
Erikson)
2. Behaviorist and social learning theories
3. Cognitive theories (Piaget)
4. Sociocultural systems theory (Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner)
5. Ethology and evolutionary developmental theory
Freud psychosexual theory - ANSWER says that behavior is driven by
unconscious impulses outside our awareness
Erikson's Psychosocial theory - ANSWER says that the role of social world,
society, and culture in shaping development
behaviorism - ANSWER examines only observable behavior and believes all
behavior is influenced by physical and social environment
social learning theory - ANSWER theory that says that people actively process
information, and their thoughts and feelings influence behavior
observational learning - ANSWER people learn through observing and imitating
models
reciprocal determinism - ANSWER individuals and environment interact and
influence each other (individuals are active in development)
Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory - ANSWER says that children and adults
are active explorers in their world
information processing theory - ANSWER theory that views thinking as
information processing; mind words in ways similar to computer
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - ANSWER theory that examines how cultural is
transmitted from one generation to the next through social interaction,
emphasizes role of cultural context
Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological systems theory - ANSWER says that
development is result of interactions among biological, cognitive, and
psychological changes within person and their changing context
, mitosis - ANSWER process by which DNA replicates itself and forms new cells
with identical genetic material
chromosome - ANSWER holds basic unit of heredity (genes)
Dizygotic twins (DZ) - ANSWER more than one ovum and each is fertilized by
different sperm
Like any other sibling pair (fraternal twins)
Monozygotic twins (MZ) - ANSWER one zygote splits into 2 distinct separate but
identical zygotes
Identical twins
Dominant-Recessive inheritance - ANSWER some genes are dominant and
always expressed; others are recessive and only expressed if paired with
another recessive gene
incomplete dominance - ANSWER both genes influence the characteristic
polygenic inheritance - ANSWER traits formed through interaction of many
genes
Ex: intelligence, temperament
genomic imprinting - ANSWER expression of gene is determined by whether it is
inherited from mother or father
mutation - ANSWER changes and abnormalities in the structure of genes
genotype - ANSWER genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype - ANSWER An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
prenatal development - ANSWER transformative process in which fertilized
ovum, or zygote, progresses through several periods of development, finally
emerging from womb as neonate
stages of prenatal development - ANSWER zygote, embryo, fetus
Germinal (zygote, conception-2 weeks)
Embryo (3rd-8th week)
Fetal (9th week-birth)
stages of childbirth - ANSWER dilation, delivery, expulsion of placenta
apgar scale - ANSWER Quick and easy overall assessment of baby's immediate
health after birth
