2
Criminal Justice NOCTI, Criminal Justice NOCTI questions || || || || || || ||
with verified detailed answers || || ||
Subpoena - ✔✔a legal document ordering a person to testify in a court of law as a witness
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Actus Reus - ✔✔The actual criminal act
|| || || || || ||
Mens Rea - ✔✔legal phrase used to describe the mental state a person must have been in while
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
committing a crime for it to be intentional || || || || || || ||
Loops - ✔✔the most common fingerprint
|| || || || ||
Chain of Custody - ✔✔a process used to maintain and document the chronological history of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
evidence
Nolo Contedere - ✔✔a plea of "no contest" that one could use in court. It means that you are not
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
admitting guilt but you're not denying it either. || || || || || || ||
Use of Force Continuum - ✔✔1. Officer Presence, Verbalization, Empty- Hand Control, Less-
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Lethal, Lethal force || ||
Verbalization - ✔✔Not physical. Officers issue calm, nonthreatening commands. || || || || || || || ||
Empty Hand Control - ✔✔Officers use bodily force. Soft/Hard techniques
|| || || || || || || || ||
Less-Lethal - ✔✔Officers use different technologies to gain control || || || || || || || ||
pepper spray, baton, taser || || ||
,2
Lethal - ✔✔Officers use gun/weapons to gain control of a situation.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
1st Amendment - ✔✔Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly (peaceful), and Petition
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
2nd Amendment - ✔✔Keep and bear arms
|| || || || || ||
4th Amendment - ✔✔Illegal search and seizure
|| || || || || ||
5th Admendment - ✔✔Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and just compensation
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
(eminent domain) ||
6th Amendment - ✔✔Speedy and public trial by impartial jury, informed of nature and cause of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
accusation, confront the witnesses against him, right to an attorney, impartial jury
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
7th Amendment - ✔✔Civil Jury Trial
|| || || || ||
8th Amendment - ✔✔Cruel and unusual punishment
|| || || || || ||
Plain View Doctrine - ✔✔Officer can visually see contraband, therefore no warrant is needed.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Terry v. Ohio - ✔✔Terry Frisk- weapons only
|| || || || || || ||
Mapp v. Ohio - ✔✔Plain view- fruits of the poisonous tree
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Carroll v. US - ✔✔Mobility Doctrine || || || || ||
Katz v. US - ✔✔wiretap
|| || || ||
,2
Miranda v. Arizona - ✔✔Miranda Rights- 5th amendment || || || || || || ||
Gideon v. Wainwright - ✔✔6th amendment- right to counsel || || || || || || || ||
How should liquid blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔Blood that is in liquid pools should
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
be picked up on a gauze pad or other clean sterile cotton cloth and allowed to air dry thoroughly,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
at room temperature. It should be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible and brought to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Laboratory as quickly as possible. Delays beyond 48 hours may make the samples useless. || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How should dried blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔• On clothing, if possible, wrap the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
item in clean paper, place the article in a brown paper bag or box and seal and label container. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not attempt to remove stains from the cloth.
|| || || || || || || ||
• On small solid objects, send the whole stained object to the Laboratory, after labeling and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
packaging.
• On large solid objects, cover the stained area with clean paper and seal the edges down with tape
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to prevent loss or contamination. If impractical to deliver the whole object to the Laboratory,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
scrape the stain onto a clean piece of paper, which can be folded and placed in an envelope. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not scrape directly into evidence envelope. Scrape blood from objects using a freshly washed and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dried knife or similar tool. Wash and dry the tool before each stain is scraped off. Seal and mark
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the envelope. ||
• Do not mix dried stains. Place each stain in a separate envelope.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
• Never attempt to wipe dried stains from an object using a moistened cloth or paper.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How are autopsy blood samples collected? - ✔✔Request that pathologist obtain the sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
directly from the heart into a yellow (ACD) or purple stoppered vacutainer (some labs request
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
both). In rare cases when no liquid blood is available, ask pathologist to collect a section of liver,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bone, and/or deep muscle tissue and freeze for typing. In such cases, proceed also with collection
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of a secondary standard as described below.
|| || || || || ||
How do you collect blood samples from a live victim? - ✔✔For typing purposes, have sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drawn into yellow and purple stoppered vacutainers. Note these are distinguished from the BA
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
tubes which have grey stoppers. || || || ||
, 2
If the victim is injured to the extent that a transfusion is necessary, make an effort to obtain or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
begin necessary procedures to obtain the pre-transfusion sample collected by the hospital. These
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
samples are not retained for long periods by the hospital, so it is important to act promptly. Also,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
make sure that some bloodstained garment worn by the individual has been air dried and frozen to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
serve as a secondary standard.
|| || || || ||
What is the steps in handling and storage of physiological fluid evidence? - ✔✔Stains and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Controls
1. Air dry || || ||
2. Package in paper
|| || || ||
3. Freeze || ||
Consider special handling of non-absorbent items on (metal or plastic). Any condensation from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thawing could disturb or destroy such evidence. Such items should be kept at room temperature
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and submitted to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
Basic rules of blood storage - ✔✔• Refrigerate, do not freeze standards collected in yellow
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
stoppered vacutainers. ||
• Submit to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
What are the basic rules of saliva collection and storage? - ✔✔• Collect on a sterile gauze pad or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
swabs, allow to air dry and package in paper. Do not use plastic containers.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Where are seminal stains usually found and what is the proper packaging of them? - ✔✔•
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Seminal stains are often, but not always, found on clothing, blankets, sheets. Allow any stains to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in paper bags. Do not use plastic bags.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How do you handle evidence collection in a sex offense case. - ✔✔the victim should always be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
examined by a physician. A Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit is used to collect evidence
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the victim. It is very important that the instructions on the kit be followed with care in order
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to gain the greatest benefit from the collected evidence.
|| || || || || || || ||
• Label all garments such as undershorts, panties, or other exhibits and package each garment
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
separately.
Criminal Justice NOCTI, Criminal Justice NOCTI questions || || || || || || ||
with verified detailed answers || || ||
Subpoena - ✔✔a legal document ordering a person to testify in a court of law as a witness
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Actus Reus - ✔✔The actual criminal act
|| || || || || ||
Mens Rea - ✔✔legal phrase used to describe the mental state a person must have been in while
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
committing a crime for it to be intentional || || || || || || ||
Loops - ✔✔the most common fingerprint
|| || || || ||
Chain of Custody - ✔✔a process used to maintain and document the chronological history of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
evidence
Nolo Contedere - ✔✔a plea of "no contest" that one could use in court. It means that you are not
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
admitting guilt but you're not denying it either. || || || || || || ||
Use of Force Continuum - ✔✔1. Officer Presence, Verbalization, Empty- Hand Control, Less-
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Lethal, Lethal force || ||
Verbalization - ✔✔Not physical. Officers issue calm, nonthreatening commands. || || || || || || || ||
Empty Hand Control - ✔✔Officers use bodily force. Soft/Hard techniques
|| || || || || || || || ||
Less-Lethal - ✔✔Officers use different technologies to gain control || || || || || || || ||
pepper spray, baton, taser || || ||
,2
Lethal - ✔✔Officers use gun/weapons to gain control of a situation.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
1st Amendment - ✔✔Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly (peaceful), and Petition
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
2nd Amendment - ✔✔Keep and bear arms
|| || || || || ||
4th Amendment - ✔✔Illegal search and seizure
|| || || || || ||
5th Admendment - ✔✔Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and just compensation
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
(eminent domain) ||
6th Amendment - ✔✔Speedy and public trial by impartial jury, informed of nature and cause of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
accusation, confront the witnesses against him, right to an attorney, impartial jury
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
7th Amendment - ✔✔Civil Jury Trial
|| || || || ||
8th Amendment - ✔✔Cruel and unusual punishment
|| || || || || ||
Plain View Doctrine - ✔✔Officer can visually see contraband, therefore no warrant is needed.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Terry v. Ohio - ✔✔Terry Frisk- weapons only
|| || || || || || ||
Mapp v. Ohio - ✔✔Plain view- fruits of the poisonous tree
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Carroll v. US - ✔✔Mobility Doctrine || || || || ||
Katz v. US - ✔✔wiretap
|| || || ||
,2
Miranda v. Arizona - ✔✔Miranda Rights- 5th amendment || || || || || || ||
Gideon v. Wainwright - ✔✔6th amendment- right to counsel || || || || || || || ||
How should liquid blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔Blood that is in liquid pools should
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
be picked up on a gauze pad or other clean sterile cotton cloth and allowed to air dry thoroughly,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
at room temperature. It should be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible and brought to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Laboratory as quickly as possible. Delays beyond 48 hours may make the samples useless. || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How should dried blood stains be collected and stored? - ✔✔• On clothing, if possible, wrap the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
item in clean paper, place the article in a brown paper bag or box and seal and label container. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not attempt to remove stains from the cloth.
|| || || || || || || ||
• On small solid objects, send the whole stained object to the Laboratory, after labeling and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
packaging.
• On large solid objects, cover the stained area with clean paper and seal the edges down with tape
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to prevent loss or contamination. If impractical to deliver the whole object to the Laboratory,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
scrape the stain onto a clean piece of paper, which can be folded and placed in an envelope. Do
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
not scrape directly into evidence envelope. Scrape blood from objects using a freshly washed and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dried knife or similar tool. Wash and dry the tool before each stain is scraped off. Seal and mark
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the envelope. ||
• Do not mix dried stains. Place each stain in a separate envelope.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
• Never attempt to wipe dried stains from an object using a moistened cloth or paper.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How are autopsy blood samples collected? - ✔✔Request that pathologist obtain the sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
directly from the heart into a yellow (ACD) or purple stoppered vacutainer (some labs request
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
both). In rare cases when no liquid blood is available, ask pathologist to collect a section of liver,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bone, and/or deep muscle tissue and freeze for typing. In such cases, proceed also with collection
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of a secondary standard as described below.
|| || || || || ||
How do you collect blood samples from a live victim? - ✔✔For typing purposes, have sample
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drawn into yellow and purple stoppered vacutainers. Note these are distinguished from the BA
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
tubes which have grey stoppers. || || || ||
, 2
If the victim is injured to the extent that a transfusion is necessary, make an effort to obtain or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
begin necessary procedures to obtain the pre-transfusion sample collected by the hospital. These
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
samples are not retained for long periods by the hospital, so it is important to act promptly. Also,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
make sure that some bloodstained garment worn by the individual has been air dried and frozen to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
serve as a secondary standard.
|| || || || ||
What is the steps in handling and storage of physiological fluid evidence? - ✔✔Stains and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Controls
1. Air dry || || ||
2. Package in paper
|| || || ||
3. Freeze || ||
Consider special handling of non-absorbent items on (metal or plastic). Any condensation from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thawing could disturb or destroy such evidence. Such items should be kept at room temperature
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and submitted to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
Basic rules of blood storage - ✔✔• Refrigerate, do not freeze standards collected in yellow
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
stoppered vacutainers. ||
• Submit to the lab as soon as possible.
|| || || || || || || ||
What are the basic rules of saliva collection and storage? - ✔✔• Collect on a sterile gauze pad or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
swabs, allow to air dry and package in paper. Do not use plastic containers.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Where are seminal stains usually found and what is the proper packaging of them? - ✔✔•
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Seminal stains are often, but not always, found on clothing, blankets, sheets. Allow any stains to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in paper bags. Do not use plastic bags.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How do you handle evidence collection in a sex offense case. - ✔✔the victim should always be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
examined by a physician. A Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit is used to collect evidence
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the victim. It is very important that the instructions on the kit be followed with care in order
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to gain the greatest benefit from the collected evidence.
|| || || || || || || ||
• Label all garments such as undershorts, panties, or other exhibits and package each garment
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
separately.
