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CJ 101 Exam 3 with precise detailed answers
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mitigating factors - ✔✔circumstances that decrease the severity of the sentence
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aggravating factors - ✔✔circumstances surrounding a crime that heightens its seriousness for || || || || || || || || || || || ||
purposes of sentencing. || ||
Appeal - ✔✔Generally the request that a court with appellate jurisdiction review the judgement,
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decision, or order of a lower court and set it aside (reverse it) or modify it.
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Limited Jurisdiction - ✔✔Courts of law that have jurisdiction on a restricted range of cases,
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primarily lesser criminal and civil matters, including misdemeanors, small claims, traffic,
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parking, and civil infractions. Such courts are also called inferior courts or lower courts. They
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also handle the preliminary stages of felony cases in some states.
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trial de novo - ✔✔Literally, a "new trail". The term is applies to cases that are retried on appeal,
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as opposed to those that are simply reviewed on record.
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nolo contendere - ✔✔A plea of "no contest." A no-contest plea is used when the defendant does
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no wish to contest conviction. Because the plea does not admit guilt, however, it cannot provide
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the basis for later civil suits that follow a criminal conviction.
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writ of habeas corpus - ✔✔A writ that directs the Person detaining a prisoner to bring him before
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a judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisonment.
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Dispute-resolution center - ✔✔An informal hearing place designed to mediate interpersonal || || || || || || || || || || ||
disputes without resorting to the more formal arrangements of a criminal trial court.
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Local ones are elected while federal are appointed. - ✔✔How do judges get in position?
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, 2
The people in the courtroom work group. - ✔✔Personal workroom actors and others who earn a
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living serving the court. (Bailiff, prosecutor, judge, defense attorney, public defender)
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The job of the bailiff. - ✔✔Maintain order in the courtroom and maintain physical custody of the
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jury.
Evidence types - ✔✔Direct, circumstantial, and real. || || || || || ||
Direct evidence - ✔✔Evidence that (if true) proves an alleged fact. Eyewitness testimony and
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videotaped documentation account for the majority of all direct evidence heard in criminal
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courtroom.
circumstantial evidence - ✔✔Evidence that requires interpretation or that requires a judge or jury || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates. From the proximity of the defendant
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to a smoking gun, for example, the jury might conclude that he or she pulled the trigger.
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real evidence - ✔✔evidence that consists of physical violence material or traces of physical
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activity
exculpatory evidence - ✔✔evidence that suggests the defendant's innocence || || || || || || || ||
Pretrial release - ✔✔The release of an accused person from custody, for all or part of the time
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before or during prosecution, on his promise to appear in court when required.
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types of pleas - ✔✔guilty, not guilty, nolo contendere
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Criminal trial - ✔✔The process to determine if one is guilty of the accused crime.
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Furman v. Georgia - ✔✔Abolished the death penalty in U.S. temporarily.
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CJ 101 Exam 3 with precise detailed answers
|| || || || || || ||
mitigating factors - ✔✔circumstances that decrease the severity of the sentence
|| || || || || || || || || ||
aggravating factors - ✔✔circumstances surrounding a crime that heightens its seriousness for || || || || || || || || || || || ||
purposes of sentencing. || ||
Appeal - ✔✔Generally the request that a court with appellate jurisdiction review the judgement,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
decision, or order of a lower court and set it aside (reverse it) or modify it.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Limited Jurisdiction - ✔✔Courts of law that have jurisdiction on a restricted range of cases,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
primarily lesser criminal and civil matters, including misdemeanors, small claims, traffic,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
parking, and civil infractions. Such courts are also called inferior courts or lower courts. They
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
also handle the preliminary stages of felony cases in some states.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
trial de novo - ✔✔Literally, a "new trail". The term is applies to cases that are retried on appeal,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
as opposed to those that are simply reviewed on record.
|| || || || || || || || ||
nolo contendere - ✔✔A plea of "no contest." A no-contest plea is used when the defendant does
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
no wish to contest conviction. Because the plea does not admit guilt, however, it cannot provide
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the basis for later civil suits that follow a criminal conviction.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
writ of habeas corpus - ✔✔A writ that directs the Person detaining a prisoner to bring him before
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisonment.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Dispute-resolution center - ✔✔An informal hearing place designed to mediate interpersonal || || || || || || || || || || ||
disputes without resorting to the more formal arrangements of a criminal trial court.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Local ones are elected while federal are appointed. - ✔✔How do judges get in position?
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
The people in the courtroom work group. - ✔✔Personal workroom actors and others who earn a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
living serving the court. (Bailiff, prosecutor, judge, defense attorney, public defender)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
The job of the bailiff. - ✔✔Maintain order in the courtroom and maintain physical custody of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
jury.
Evidence types - ✔✔Direct, circumstantial, and real. || || || || || ||
Direct evidence - ✔✔Evidence that (if true) proves an alleged fact. Eyewitness testimony and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
videotaped documentation account for the majority of all direct evidence heard in criminal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
courtroom.
circumstantial evidence - ✔✔Evidence that requires interpretation or that requires a judge or jury || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates. From the proximity of the defendant
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to a smoking gun, for example, the jury might conclude that he or she pulled the trigger.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
real evidence - ✔✔evidence that consists of physical violence material or traces of physical
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
activity
exculpatory evidence - ✔✔evidence that suggests the defendant's innocence || || || || || || || ||
Pretrial release - ✔✔The release of an accused person from custody, for all or part of the time
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
before or during prosecution, on his promise to appear in court when required.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
types of pleas - ✔✔guilty, not guilty, nolo contendere
|| || || || || || || ||
Criminal trial - ✔✔The process to determine if one is guilty of the accused crime.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Furman v. Georgia - ✔✔Abolished the death penalty in U.S. temporarily.
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