2
Intro to Criminal Justice Exam 3 with precise detailed answers
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is retribution? - ✔✔Punishment inflicted on a person who has harmed others and so
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
deserves to be penalized. || || ||
What is general deterrence? - ✔✔Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
general public and to discourage the commission of offenses.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is specific deterrence? - ✔✔Punishment inflicted on criminals to discourage them from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
committing future crimes. || ||
What is incapacitation? - ✔✔Depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
society usually by detaining the offender in prison.
|| || || || || || ||
What is Selective incapacitation? - ✔✔Making the best use of expensive and limited prison space
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
by targeting for incarceration those individuals whose incapacity will do the most to reduce crime
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in society.
||
What is rehabilitation? - ✔✔The goal of restoring a convicted offender to a constructive place i
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is restorative justice? - ✔✔Punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and community by an offender's criminal act.
|| || || || || ||
What is indeterminate sentence? - ✔✔A period, set by a judge, that specifies a minimum and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
maximum time to be served in prison. Sometimes after the minimum, the offender may be eligible
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
for parole.
|| ||
What is determinate sentence? - ✔✔A sentence that fixes the term of imprisonment at a specific
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
period.
,2
What is a presumptive sentence? - ✔✔A sentence for which the legislature or a commission sets a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
minimum and maximum range of months or years. Judges are to fix the length of the sentence
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
within the range, allowing for special circumstances.
|| || || || || ||
What is a mandatory sentence? - ✔✔A sentence determined by statutes and requiring that a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
certain penalty be imposed and carried out for convicted offenders who meet certain criteria.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a good time? - ✔✔A reduction of an inmate's prison sentence, at the discretion of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prison administrator, for good behavior or participation in vocational, educational, or treatment
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
programs.
What is an intermediate sanction? - ✔✔A variety of punishments that are more restrictive than
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
traditional probation but less severe and costly than incarceration.
|| || || || || || || ||
What is probation? - ✔✔A sentence that the offender is allowed to serve under supervision in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
community.
What is shock probation? - ✔✔A sentence in which the offender is released after a short
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
incarceration and re-sentenced to probation. || || || ||
What is Furman v. Georgia (1972)? - ✔✔The death penalty, as administered, constitutes cruel and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
unusual punishment.
|| ||
What is Gregg v. Georgia (1976)? - ✔✔Death penalty
|| || || || || || || ||
laws are constitutional if they require
|| || || || ||
the judge and jury to consider certain
|| || || || || ||
mitigating and aggravating circumstances || || ||
in deciding which convicted murderers
|| || || ||
should be sentenced to death. Proceedings
|| || || || ||
, 2
must also be divided into a trial phase and
|| || || || || || || ||
a punishment phase, and there must be
|| || || || || ||
opportunities for appeal. || ||
What is McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)? - ✔✔The Supreme
|| || || || || || || ||
Court rejects a challenge of Georgia's death
|| || || || || ||
penalty on grounds of racial discrimination. || || || || ||
What is Atkins v. Virginia (2002) ? - ✔✔Execution of
|| || || || || || || || ||
the mentally retarded is unconstitutional.
|| || || ||
What is Roper v. Simmons (2005)? - ✔✔Execution of
|| || || || || || || ||
offenders for crimes committed while under || || || || ||
the age of 18 is unconstitutional.
|| || || || ||
What is Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968) ? - ✔✔Potential
|| || || || || || || ||
jurors who object to the death penalty|| || || || || ||
cannot be automatically excluded from || || || ||
service; however, during voir dire, those who || || || || || ||
feel so strongly about capital punishment
|| || || || ||
that they could not give an impartial verdict
|| || || || || || ||
may be excluded.|| ||
What are the three || || ||
types of sentences || ||
used in the United || || ||
States? - ✔✔Determinate, indeterminate, and mandatory sentences.
|| || || || || ||
Intro to Criminal Justice Exam 3 with precise detailed answers
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is retribution? - ✔✔Punishment inflicted on a person who has harmed others and so
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
deserves to be penalized. || || ||
What is general deterrence? - ✔✔Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
general public and to discourage the commission of offenses.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is specific deterrence? - ✔✔Punishment inflicted on criminals to discourage them from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
committing future crimes. || ||
What is incapacitation? - ✔✔Depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
society usually by detaining the offender in prison.
|| || || || || || ||
What is Selective incapacitation? - ✔✔Making the best use of expensive and limited prison space
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
by targeting for incarceration those individuals whose incapacity will do the most to reduce crime
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in society.
||
What is rehabilitation? - ✔✔The goal of restoring a convicted offender to a constructive place i
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is restorative justice? - ✔✔Punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and community by an offender's criminal act.
|| || || || || ||
What is indeterminate sentence? - ✔✔A period, set by a judge, that specifies a minimum and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
maximum time to be served in prison. Sometimes after the minimum, the offender may be eligible
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
for parole.
|| ||
What is determinate sentence? - ✔✔A sentence that fixes the term of imprisonment at a specific
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
period.
,2
What is a presumptive sentence? - ✔✔A sentence for which the legislature or a commission sets a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
minimum and maximum range of months or years. Judges are to fix the length of the sentence
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
within the range, allowing for special circumstances.
|| || || || || ||
What is a mandatory sentence? - ✔✔A sentence determined by statutes and requiring that a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
certain penalty be imposed and carried out for convicted offenders who meet certain criteria.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a good time? - ✔✔A reduction of an inmate's prison sentence, at the discretion of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prison administrator, for good behavior or participation in vocational, educational, or treatment
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
programs.
What is an intermediate sanction? - ✔✔A variety of punishments that are more restrictive than
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
traditional probation but less severe and costly than incarceration.
|| || || || || || || ||
What is probation? - ✔✔A sentence that the offender is allowed to serve under supervision in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
community.
What is shock probation? - ✔✔A sentence in which the offender is released after a short
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
incarceration and re-sentenced to probation. || || || ||
What is Furman v. Georgia (1972)? - ✔✔The death penalty, as administered, constitutes cruel and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
unusual punishment.
|| ||
What is Gregg v. Georgia (1976)? - ✔✔Death penalty
|| || || || || || || ||
laws are constitutional if they require
|| || || || ||
the judge and jury to consider certain
|| || || || || ||
mitigating and aggravating circumstances || || ||
in deciding which convicted murderers
|| || || ||
should be sentenced to death. Proceedings
|| || || || ||
, 2
must also be divided into a trial phase and
|| || || || || || || ||
a punishment phase, and there must be
|| || || || || ||
opportunities for appeal. || ||
What is McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)? - ✔✔The Supreme
|| || || || || || || ||
Court rejects a challenge of Georgia's death
|| || || || || ||
penalty on grounds of racial discrimination. || || || || ||
What is Atkins v. Virginia (2002) ? - ✔✔Execution of
|| || || || || || || || ||
the mentally retarded is unconstitutional.
|| || || ||
What is Roper v. Simmons (2005)? - ✔✔Execution of
|| || || || || || || ||
offenders for crimes committed while under || || || || ||
the age of 18 is unconstitutional.
|| || || || ||
What is Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968) ? - ✔✔Potential
|| || || || || || || ||
jurors who object to the death penalty|| || || || || ||
cannot be automatically excluded from || || || ||
service; however, during voir dire, those who || || || || || ||
feel so strongly about capital punishment
|| || || || ||
that they could not give an impartial verdict
|| || || || || || ||
may be excluded.|| ||
What are the three || || ||
types of sentences || ||
used in the United || || ||
States? - ✔✔Determinate, indeterminate, and mandatory sentences.
|| || || || || ||
