NUR 445 STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Replacement therapy is started for a pt with hypothyroidism, what is most important
for the nurse to monitor the pt for... - ✔✔Dysrhythmias
✔✔A client is brought to the ED in an unresponsive state and is experiencing HHS.
What should the nurse start immediately. - ✔✔IV infusion of normal saline
Note: Only type of insulin can be given IV - regular insulin
✔✔A pt is admitted to the ED with myxedema coma. What should the nurse prepare to
carry out initially. - ✔✔Maintain a pt airway.
✔✔Which of the following is the priority intervention in a pt with DKA in the acute phase.
- ✔✔Administer short-duration insulin IV.
✔✔Hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, resp failure
are all S/S of what... - ✔✔Myxedema coma
✔✔Which of the following is an example of primary hypothyroidism. - ✔✔Dysfunction of
thyroid gland itself and cannot produce hormones
✔✔Levothyroxine is administered in... - ✔✔Hypothyroidism
✔✔High T3 and T4 and low TSH (overactive thyroid). - ✔✔Hyperthyroidism
✔✔Some electrolytes to watch for with Addison's. - ✔✔Hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia,
hypokalemia
✔✔True or False: Cushing syndrome can occur if a patient stops their steroids abruptly.
- ✔✔True
✔✔S/S of HHNS. - ✔✔Dehydration, confusion, neuro changes, coma, alteration in LOC,
electrolyte imbalances
Note: Clinical manifestation - Dehydration
✔✔An adolescent with T1DM is admitted to the ED for TX of DKA. Which assessment
findings should the nurse expect. - ✔✔Fruity breath and decreasing LOC.
✔✔One of the benefits of Glargine (Lantus) insulin is its ability to... - ✔✔Release insulin
evenly throughout the day and control basal glucose levels
,✔✔These should be at the bedside when a patient has a chest tube. - ✔✔What is a
clamp and occlusive dressing?
✔✔What are some cause of respiratory failure? - ✔✔Drugs, blocked airway or
perfusion, chest wall injury, CNS disorder, infections, and other lung diseases.
✔✔What is VQ mismatch? - ✔✔Ventilation occurs but not perfusion.
✔✔This is an assessment to assure a vented patient is properly sedated. - ✔✔What is
the RAAS scale?
✔✔This allows for better oxygenation and alveolar recruitment in ARDS. - ✔✔What is
the prone position?
✔✔These are the common treatments for PE. - ✔✔What are thrombolytics,
anticoagulants, and embolectomy?
✔✔Tidal volume, FIO2, mode, type, rate and PEEP/pressure support. - ✔✔What is the
setting of a ventilator?
✔✔This occurs in the pleural space causing pressure and a thoracic shift. - ✔✔What is
a tension pneumothorax?
✔✔Oxygen ventilation, bronchodilators, steroid, IV fluids, chest therapy, and position. -
✔✔What is some treatment for respiratory failure?
✔✔This is used to help decrease barotrauma in patients with ARDS. - ✔✔What are
neuromuscular blocking agents and proper vent monitoring?
✔✔We monitor for this on a chest tube water seal chamber. - ✔✔What is bubbling for
an air leck?
✔✔These are the two types of respiratory failure. - ✔✔What hypoxemic and
hypercapnic?
✔✔Sudden onset of intense dyspnea, pleurite chest pain, and tachypnea - ✔✔What are
the immediate signs of a PE?
✔✔This is the substance in the lungs to prevent alveolar collapse. - ✔✔What is
surfactant?
✔✔Assessing tube placement suctioning frequent oral care, and positioning - ✔✔What
are nursing preventions for vent complications?
, ✔✔This machine has 2 level pressure settings to help with alveolar opening. - ✔✔What
is a bipap?
✔✔Acculation of blood in the pleural space - ✔✔What is a hemothorax?
✔✔Spiral CT, VQ scan, D-dimer - ✔✔What are the different diagnostics for PE?
✔✔Tachypnea, dyspnea, accessory muscle use, retraction - ✔✔What are the early
signs of ARDS?
✔✔Checking end title CO2, CX, listening to lung sounds. - ✔✔What are ways we check
for successful intubation?
✔✔Dyspnea, restlessness, and tachypnea/ - ✔✔What are the early signs of respiratory
distress?
✔✔Decreased breath sounds and uneven chest rise. - ✔✔What are the signs of
pneumothorax?
✔✔This is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism. - ✔✔What is a DVT?
✔✔There are the 3 phases of ARDS. - ✔✔What are exudative, proliferative, and
fibrotic?
✔✔This ventilator alarm tells us there is a blockage of the airway or the patient is
coughing. - ✔✔What is a high-pressure alarm?
✔✔This part of a blood gas will show hypoxia. - ✔✔What is PaO2?
✔✔This ventilator mode is used for respiratory failure and has a set rate and tidal
volume. - ✔✔What is Assist Control ventilation (AC)?
✔✔When weaning patient off the ventilator, what are signs that shows the patient is not
ready to come off the ventilator? - ✔✔- Not able to breath on their own or above the
ventilator.
- Uncomfortable/not settling well.
- Patient is not breathing within a 12-20 rate.
✔✔A patient that is on a ventilator is receiving 100% O2. If the O2 drops from 100% to
80%, what should the nurse do? - ✔✔Assess the tubing, something may be blocking
the air coming in.
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Replacement therapy is started for a pt with hypothyroidism, what is most important
for the nurse to monitor the pt for... - ✔✔Dysrhythmias
✔✔A client is brought to the ED in an unresponsive state and is experiencing HHS.
What should the nurse start immediately. - ✔✔IV infusion of normal saline
Note: Only type of insulin can be given IV - regular insulin
✔✔A pt is admitted to the ED with myxedema coma. What should the nurse prepare to
carry out initially. - ✔✔Maintain a pt airway.
✔✔Which of the following is the priority intervention in a pt with DKA in the acute phase.
- ✔✔Administer short-duration insulin IV.
✔✔Hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, resp failure
are all S/S of what... - ✔✔Myxedema coma
✔✔Which of the following is an example of primary hypothyroidism. - ✔✔Dysfunction of
thyroid gland itself and cannot produce hormones
✔✔Levothyroxine is administered in... - ✔✔Hypothyroidism
✔✔High T3 and T4 and low TSH (overactive thyroid). - ✔✔Hyperthyroidism
✔✔Some electrolytes to watch for with Addison's. - ✔✔Hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia,
hypokalemia
✔✔True or False: Cushing syndrome can occur if a patient stops their steroids abruptly.
- ✔✔True
✔✔S/S of HHNS. - ✔✔Dehydration, confusion, neuro changes, coma, alteration in LOC,
electrolyte imbalances
Note: Clinical manifestation - Dehydration
✔✔An adolescent with T1DM is admitted to the ED for TX of DKA. Which assessment
findings should the nurse expect. - ✔✔Fruity breath and decreasing LOC.
✔✔One of the benefits of Glargine (Lantus) insulin is its ability to... - ✔✔Release insulin
evenly throughout the day and control basal glucose levels
,✔✔These should be at the bedside when a patient has a chest tube. - ✔✔What is a
clamp and occlusive dressing?
✔✔What are some cause of respiratory failure? - ✔✔Drugs, blocked airway or
perfusion, chest wall injury, CNS disorder, infections, and other lung diseases.
✔✔What is VQ mismatch? - ✔✔Ventilation occurs but not perfusion.
✔✔This is an assessment to assure a vented patient is properly sedated. - ✔✔What is
the RAAS scale?
✔✔This allows for better oxygenation and alveolar recruitment in ARDS. - ✔✔What is
the prone position?
✔✔These are the common treatments for PE. - ✔✔What are thrombolytics,
anticoagulants, and embolectomy?
✔✔Tidal volume, FIO2, mode, type, rate and PEEP/pressure support. - ✔✔What is the
setting of a ventilator?
✔✔This occurs in the pleural space causing pressure and a thoracic shift. - ✔✔What is
a tension pneumothorax?
✔✔Oxygen ventilation, bronchodilators, steroid, IV fluids, chest therapy, and position. -
✔✔What is some treatment for respiratory failure?
✔✔This is used to help decrease barotrauma in patients with ARDS. - ✔✔What are
neuromuscular blocking agents and proper vent monitoring?
✔✔We monitor for this on a chest tube water seal chamber. - ✔✔What is bubbling for
an air leck?
✔✔These are the two types of respiratory failure. - ✔✔What hypoxemic and
hypercapnic?
✔✔Sudden onset of intense dyspnea, pleurite chest pain, and tachypnea - ✔✔What are
the immediate signs of a PE?
✔✔This is the substance in the lungs to prevent alveolar collapse. - ✔✔What is
surfactant?
✔✔Assessing tube placement suctioning frequent oral care, and positioning - ✔✔What
are nursing preventions for vent complications?
, ✔✔This machine has 2 level pressure settings to help with alveolar opening. - ✔✔What
is a bipap?
✔✔Acculation of blood in the pleural space - ✔✔What is a hemothorax?
✔✔Spiral CT, VQ scan, D-dimer - ✔✔What are the different diagnostics for PE?
✔✔Tachypnea, dyspnea, accessory muscle use, retraction - ✔✔What are the early
signs of ARDS?
✔✔Checking end title CO2, CX, listening to lung sounds. - ✔✔What are ways we check
for successful intubation?
✔✔Dyspnea, restlessness, and tachypnea/ - ✔✔What are the early signs of respiratory
distress?
✔✔Decreased breath sounds and uneven chest rise. - ✔✔What are the signs of
pneumothorax?
✔✔This is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism. - ✔✔What is a DVT?
✔✔There are the 3 phases of ARDS. - ✔✔What are exudative, proliferative, and
fibrotic?
✔✔This ventilator alarm tells us there is a blockage of the airway or the patient is
coughing. - ✔✔What is a high-pressure alarm?
✔✔This part of a blood gas will show hypoxia. - ✔✔What is PaO2?
✔✔This ventilator mode is used for respiratory failure and has a set rate and tidal
volume. - ✔✔What is Assist Control ventilation (AC)?
✔✔When weaning patient off the ventilator, what are signs that shows the patient is not
ready to come off the ventilator? - ✔✔- Not able to breath on their own or above the
ventilator.
- Uncomfortable/not settling well.
- Patient is not breathing within a 12-20 rate.
✔✔A patient that is on a ventilator is receiving 100% O2. If the O2 drops from 100% to
80%, what should the nurse do? - ✔✔Assess the tubing, something may be blocking
the air coming in.
