QUANTITATIVE REASONING PRACTICE
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
● The strength of the relationship is evident from ______ and the
direction of the relationship is evident from ______ in a correlation
coefficient.
A) how close the correlation coefficient is to +1.0; the sign of the
coefficient
B) how close the correlation coefficient is to the absolute value of 1.0;
the sign of the coefficient
C) whether the correlation coefficient is positive or negative; the
scatterplot
D) the scatterplot; the combination of the variables' predicted values.
Answer: B) how close the correlation coefficient is to the absolute value
of 1.0; the sign of the coefficient
● One reason to use a correlational design is ______.
A) when an experimental study would be unethical
B) when it is possible to manipulate the variable(s) of interest
C) to examine causality
D) to increase internal validity. Answer: A) when an experimental study
would be unethical
,● When two variables move in opposite directions (one increases while
the other decreases), they are ______.
A) positively correlated
B) negatively correlated
C) not correlated
D) perfectly correlated. Answer: B) negatively correlated
● Correlational designs can have greater external validity than
experiments because correlational designs ______.
A) better represent the everyday world where we do not manipulate or
control events
B) study true relationships while experiments only manipulate
relationships
C) are more attractive to participants
D) easier to conduct. Answer: A) better represent the everyday world
where we do not manipulate or control events
● Anne and Jack are examining variables related to self-control. Anne
finds r = +.40 between percentage of salary saved and self-control while
Jack finds r = -.60 between impulsivity and self-control. Which variable
is more strongly related to self-control?
A) percentage of salary saved
B) impulsivity
C) neither variable is significantly related to self-control
, D) you cannot tell from the information provided. Answer: B)
impulsivity
● The scatterplot shows. Answer: strong positive correlation
● The value of Pearson's r ranges between ______.
A) 0.0 and +1.0
B) -1.0 and 0.0
C) -1.0 and +1.0
D) 0.0 and 10.0. Answer: C) -1.0 and +1.0
● A correlational design ______.
A) describes the relationship between two variables
B) is a type of study that tests the hypothesis that variables are related
C) determines causation between variables
D) examines causal relationships between three or more variables.
Answer: B) is a type of study that tests the hypothesis that variables are
related
● The statistic used to determine whether a linear relationship exists
between two interval/ratio variables is the ______.
A) Cohen's d
B) Y¢determined by a regression equation
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
● The strength of the relationship is evident from ______ and the
direction of the relationship is evident from ______ in a correlation
coefficient.
A) how close the correlation coefficient is to +1.0; the sign of the
coefficient
B) how close the correlation coefficient is to the absolute value of 1.0;
the sign of the coefficient
C) whether the correlation coefficient is positive or negative; the
scatterplot
D) the scatterplot; the combination of the variables' predicted values.
Answer: B) how close the correlation coefficient is to the absolute value
of 1.0; the sign of the coefficient
● One reason to use a correlational design is ______.
A) when an experimental study would be unethical
B) when it is possible to manipulate the variable(s) of interest
C) to examine causality
D) to increase internal validity. Answer: A) when an experimental study
would be unethical
,● When two variables move in opposite directions (one increases while
the other decreases), they are ______.
A) positively correlated
B) negatively correlated
C) not correlated
D) perfectly correlated. Answer: B) negatively correlated
● Correlational designs can have greater external validity than
experiments because correlational designs ______.
A) better represent the everyday world where we do not manipulate or
control events
B) study true relationships while experiments only manipulate
relationships
C) are more attractive to participants
D) easier to conduct. Answer: A) better represent the everyday world
where we do not manipulate or control events
● Anne and Jack are examining variables related to self-control. Anne
finds r = +.40 between percentage of salary saved and self-control while
Jack finds r = -.60 between impulsivity and self-control. Which variable
is more strongly related to self-control?
A) percentage of salary saved
B) impulsivity
C) neither variable is significantly related to self-control
, D) you cannot tell from the information provided. Answer: B)
impulsivity
● The scatterplot shows. Answer: strong positive correlation
● The value of Pearson's r ranges between ______.
A) 0.0 and +1.0
B) -1.0 and 0.0
C) -1.0 and +1.0
D) 0.0 and 10.0. Answer: C) -1.0 and +1.0
● A correlational design ______.
A) describes the relationship between two variables
B) is a type of study that tests the hypothesis that variables are related
C) determines causation between variables
D) examines causal relationships between three or more variables.
Answer: B) is a type of study that tests the hypothesis that variables are
related
● The statistic used to determine whether a linear relationship exists
between two interval/ratio variables is the ______.
A) Cohen's d
B) Y¢determined by a regression equation
