AORN PERIOP 101 COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW 2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉Liability. Answer: A legal responsibility
◉Negligence. Answer: An act or failure to act that deviates from the
standard of care
◉Nursing Malpractice. Answer: A nurse's negligence or any
intentional act that causes physical, financial, emotional,
psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's
care
◉Respondeat Superior. Answer: An employer is legally responsible
for the nurse employee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the
nurse's employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
◉Tort. Answer: A breach of duty to another person as outlined by
law
,◉What are the four elements of malpractice?. Answer: • Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
◉Elements of Informed Consent. Answer: • Must be obtained by the
licensed professional who is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full
understanding of all implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
◉Five Rights of Delegation. Answer: Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
,◉Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel
have an ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain. Answer:
• Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
◉Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to
use for a particular patient. Answer: • Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
◉The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines.
Answer: • Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
, ◉Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting
anesthesia professional with Cricoid Pressure. Answer: • Cricoid
pressure application is not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube
cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed, and anesthesia
provider has given a verbal confirmation to the nurse that the
cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the
perioperative nurse should retrieve additional airway equipment
and supplies.
◉General anesthesia. Answer: • A drug-induced reversible state of
unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness,
decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a
varying degree
◉Regional anesthesia. Answer: • An injection of local anesthetics
near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an
area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
◉Monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Answer: An anesthesia provider
monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as
needed, and provides medical services as required.
REVIEW 2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉Liability. Answer: A legal responsibility
◉Negligence. Answer: An act or failure to act that deviates from the
standard of care
◉Nursing Malpractice. Answer: A nurse's negligence or any
intentional act that causes physical, financial, emotional,
psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's
care
◉Respondeat Superior. Answer: An employer is legally responsible
for the nurse employee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the
nurse's employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
◉Tort. Answer: A breach of duty to another person as outlined by
law
,◉What are the four elements of malpractice?. Answer: • Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
◉Elements of Informed Consent. Answer: • Must be obtained by the
licensed professional who is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full
understanding of all implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
◉Five Rights of Delegation. Answer: Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
,◉Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel
have an ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain. Answer:
• Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
◉Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to
use for a particular patient. Answer: • Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
◉The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines.
Answer: • Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
, ◉Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting
anesthesia professional with Cricoid Pressure. Answer: • Cricoid
pressure application is not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube
cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed, and anesthesia
provider has given a verbal confirmation to the nurse that the
cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the
perioperative nurse should retrieve additional airway equipment
and supplies.
◉General anesthesia. Answer: • A drug-induced reversible state of
unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness,
decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a
varying degree
◉Regional anesthesia. Answer: • An injection of local anesthetics
near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an
area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
◉Monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Answer: An anesthesia provider
monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as
needed, and provides medical services as required.
