NR576 STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER DIGEST
◉Identify at least three examples of flow disorders (intra and/or
extra thorax). Answer: Intrathorax flow disorders: originate from
obstruction of distal/smaller airways
-asthma
-bronchiolitis
-vascular ring
-solid foreign body aspiration
-lymph node enlargement pressure
-These types of disorders cause expiratory effort in infants and also
in children less than 5 years of age (bronchiolitis)
-Extrathorax flow disorders: originate from obstruction of the larger
airways
-rhinitis with nasal obstruction, nasal polyp
-cranio-facial malformation
-obstructive sleep apnea
-tonsil-adenoid hypertrophy
,-laryngo-tracheo-malacia
-larynx papilloma
-Diphtheria
-croup, epiglottitis
-thymus hypertrophy
-Infants or children ages 5 and younger are affected, and they have
clinical findings of inspiratory stridor
◉Identify at least three examples of volume disorders (intra and/or
extra thorax). Answer: -Intrathorax volume disorders include lung
parenchyma disorders
-pneumonia (infection, aspiration)
-atelectasis
-pulmonary edema
-near drowning
-These disorders affect inspiratory effort
-Extrapulmonary volume disorders
-pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum
-cardiomegaly, heart failure (perfusion)
-pleural effusion (including empyema, hematothorax)
, -hernia diaphragmatica
-diaphragmatica eventration
-intra-thorax mass (nonpulmonary)
-chest trauma (rib fracture, lung contusion)
-thorax deformity (pectus excavatum, scoliosis)
-These disorders also affect inspiratory effort
-Extrathorax volume disorders due to lung compliance issues
-neuromuscular disorders (CP, GBS, MG)
-gastritis, peptic ulcer
-extreme obesity
-peritonitis, appendicitis, acute abdomen
-aerophagia, meteorismus
-ascites
-hepato-splenomegaly
-abdominal solid tumor
-These disorders cause inspiratory constraint
-Extrathorax volume disorders that are due to respiratory center
disorders
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER DIGEST
◉Identify at least three examples of flow disorders (intra and/or
extra thorax). Answer: Intrathorax flow disorders: originate from
obstruction of distal/smaller airways
-asthma
-bronchiolitis
-vascular ring
-solid foreign body aspiration
-lymph node enlargement pressure
-These types of disorders cause expiratory effort in infants and also
in children less than 5 years of age (bronchiolitis)
-Extrathorax flow disorders: originate from obstruction of the larger
airways
-rhinitis with nasal obstruction, nasal polyp
-cranio-facial malformation
-obstructive sleep apnea
-tonsil-adenoid hypertrophy
,-laryngo-tracheo-malacia
-larynx papilloma
-Diphtheria
-croup, epiglottitis
-thymus hypertrophy
-Infants or children ages 5 and younger are affected, and they have
clinical findings of inspiratory stridor
◉Identify at least three examples of volume disorders (intra and/or
extra thorax). Answer: -Intrathorax volume disorders include lung
parenchyma disorders
-pneumonia (infection, aspiration)
-atelectasis
-pulmonary edema
-near drowning
-These disorders affect inspiratory effort
-Extrapulmonary volume disorders
-pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum
-cardiomegaly, heart failure (perfusion)
-pleural effusion (including empyema, hematothorax)
, -hernia diaphragmatica
-diaphragmatica eventration
-intra-thorax mass (nonpulmonary)
-chest trauma (rib fracture, lung contusion)
-thorax deformity (pectus excavatum, scoliosis)
-These disorders also affect inspiratory effort
-Extrathorax volume disorders due to lung compliance issues
-neuromuscular disorders (CP, GBS, MG)
-gastritis, peptic ulcer
-extreme obesity
-peritonitis, appendicitis, acute abdomen
-aerophagia, meteorismus
-ascites
-hepato-splenomegaly
-abdominal solid tumor
-These disorders cause inspiratory constraint
-Extrathorax volume disorders that are due to respiratory center
disorders
