APHON Overview Exam || 2025 (Actual
Exam) Questions with verified Answers
(Latest Update 2026-2027) UPDATE!!
interleukin-2
produced by t-helper cells & stimulate
growth/maturation of t-cell subsets, cytotoxic t-
cells, production of lymphokines & cytokines.
act as chemical signals b/w wbc's (revs up immune
system)
retinoids
immunomodulators that facilitate differentiation &
suppress proliferation of cancer cells
,all-trans retinoic acid (atra)
tx: aml, aml m3 subtype, apl
increase maturation of promyelocytic blasts and
rapid resolution of coagulopathy r/t tx.
isotretinoin (accutane)
retinoid tx neuroblastoma.
have antitumor activity unknown moa.
TERATOGENIC. male/female pt must register
iPledge (fetal exposure). can also affect
hearing & vision
antibodies
proteins produced by b-lymphocytes. part of
humoral immunity of adaptive system. includes
immunoglobulins (igG, igA, igM, igE, igD)
,murine
mouse-derived MoAbs. pt develops human
antimouse antibodies creating high risk of
hypersensitivity rx
end in -momab
Monoclonal antibodies
very specific. directed against single antigenic
determinant on cell surface causing antibody-
dependent cellular toxicity, direct cell death,
elimination of antigen/target cell that expresses
the antigen
low toxicity
-ximab
moab combo of human & mouse antibodies
, -zumab
moab humanized, small part of mouse antibody
fused w/ human antibody
Exam) Questions with verified Answers
(Latest Update 2026-2027) UPDATE!!
interleukin-2
produced by t-helper cells & stimulate
growth/maturation of t-cell subsets, cytotoxic t-
cells, production of lymphokines & cytokines.
act as chemical signals b/w wbc's (revs up immune
system)
retinoids
immunomodulators that facilitate differentiation &
suppress proliferation of cancer cells
,all-trans retinoic acid (atra)
tx: aml, aml m3 subtype, apl
increase maturation of promyelocytic blasts and
rapid resolution of coagulopathy r/t tx.
isotretinoin (accutane)
retinoid tx neuroblastoma.
have antitumor activity unknown moa.
TERATOGENIC. male/female pt must register
iPledge (fetal exposure). can also affect
hearing & vision
antibodies
proteins produced by b-lymphocytes. part of
humoral immunity of adaptive system. includes
immunoglobulins (igG, igA, igM, igE, igD)
,murine
mouse-derived MoAbs. pt develops human
antimouse antibodies creating high risk of
hypersensitivity rx
end in -momab
Monoclonal antibodies
very specific. directed against single antigenic
determinant on cell surface causing antibody-
dependent cellular toxicity, direct cell death,
elimination of antigen/target cell that expresses
the antigen
low toxicity
-ximab
moab combo of human & mouse antibodies
, -zumab
moab humanized, small part of mouse antibody
fused w/ human antibody
