patho exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_in2w3m
1. A significant factor that promotes the contin- Chronic Cholelithiasis
ued growth of stones is hypo (slow) motility, or
stasis of bile within the gallbladder.
Incidence R/T age, gender, & variety of medical
issues
2. Risk factors for chronic cholelithiasis *** High spinal cord injuries (nerve dis-
connect)
Patients receiving total parenteral nu-
trition
Persons who undergo prolonged
fasting or rapid weight loss.
Pregnancy
Oral contraceptives
Diabetes mellitus
Used to be women who were fair, fat,
and 40....
Obesity, women, rapid weight loss in
obese patients
Fasting - crash dieting - >2lbs/week
3. How are gallstones developed? **** -Supersaturation of bile with choles-
terol (high fat diet)
-Nucleation of crystals (helping to
form)
-Hypomotility allowing stone growth
(slow churning, sludgy formation of
bile)
Poor flow of bile
4. biliary colic pain in the gallbladder caused by
gallstones obstructing bile flow
, patho exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_in2w3m
5. CM of chronic cholelithiasis Pain radiates to the back w/nausea,
vomiting, sweating, and flatus.
Precipitated by a meal lasting 15 min-
utes to an hour - pain slowly decreas-
es
Fatty diet, greasy meals, are often last
meals
6. Due to gallstones (90% of the time) Acute cholecystisis
Can be without cholelithiasis
7. Obstruction of the cystic ducts cause of acute cholecystitis
stasis in the gallbladder
8. Bacterial infection if often secondary to acute cholecystitis
9. Major functions of bile To aid in the digestion of lipids (fatty
meals) in the diet and to transport
waste products (particularly biliru-
bin), immunoglobulins (IgA), toxins,
and cholesterol into the intestine for
eventual disposal or reabsorption.
10. How to diagnose gallbladder issues all imaging
nothing invasive
11. What is the first choice for diagnosing acute Ultrasound
cholecystitis?
12. Endoscope - down through duodenum, up Endoscopic retrograde cholan-
common bile duct to inject die and see if flow- giopancreatography (ERCP)
ing correctly
, patho exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_in2w3m
Complications - perforation and he-
morrhage
13. Precipitation of cholesterol from bile occurs at more prone to gallstones.
high concentrations, predisposing to the for-
mation of gallstones. - This is why if you have
a high fat diet, you could be
14. Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver
15. If bilirubin can't be excreted, what clinical man- Jaundice
ifestation will be observed?
16. Acalculous cholecystitis Acute inflammation of gallbladder in
the absence of gallstones
= occurs in critically ill patients and
patients on TPN
17. consisting of the portal veins, hepatic arteries, portal triads
and bile ducts
18. Any obstruction to the flow of blood may result Portal hypertension
in a rise in portal venous pressure proximal to
the level of blockage. (with liver damage, the
portal vein will start to back up)
19. Liver function -Temporary storage of blood
-Removal of bilirubin from the blood-
stream (HELLO JAUNDICE!!)
-Hematopoiesis (formation of blood
cells) in certain disease states (if kid-
ney or bone marrow are not doing
their jobs)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_in2w3m
1. A significant factor that promotes the contin- Chronic Cholelithiasis
ued growth of stones is hypo (slow) motility, or
stasis of bile within the gallbladder.
Incidence R/T age, gender, & variety of medical
issues
2. Risk factors for chronic cholelithiasis *** High spinal cord injuries (nerve dis-
connect)
Patients receiving total parenteral nu-
trition
Persons who undergo prolonged
fasting or rapid weight loss.
Pregnancy
Oral contraceptives
Diabetes mellitus
Used to be women who were fair, fat,
and 40....
Obesity, women, rapid weight loss in
obese patients
Fasting - crash dieting - >2lbs/week
3. How are gallstones developed? **** -Supersaturation of bile with choles-
terol (high fat diet)
-Nucleation of crystals (helping to
form)
-Hypomotility allowing stone growth
(slow churning, sludgy formation of
bile)
Poor flow of bile
4. biliary colic pain in the gallbladder caused by
gallstones obstructing bile flow
, patho exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_in2w3m
5. CM of chronic cholelithiasis Pain radiates to the back w/nausea,
vomiting, sweating, and flatus.
Precipitated by a meal lasting 15 min-
utes to an hour - pain slowly decreas-
es
Fatty diet, greasy meals, are often last
meals
6. Due to gallstones (90% of the time) Acute cholecystisis
Can be without cholelithiasis
7. Obstruction of the cystic ducts cause of acute cholecystitis
stasis in the gallbladder
8. Bacterial infection if often secondary to acute cholecystitis
9. Major functions of bile To aid in the digestion of lipids (fatty
meals) in the diet and to transport
waste products (particularly biliru-
bin), immunoglobulins (IgA), toxins,
and cholesterol into the intestine for
eventual disposal or reabsorption.
10. How to diagnose gallbladder issues all imaging
nothing invasive
11. What is the first choice for diagnosing acute Ultrasound
cholecystitis?
12. Endoscope - down through duodenum, up Endoscopic retrograde cholan-
common bile duct to inject die and see if flow- giopancreatography (ERCP)
ing correctly
, patho exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_in2w3m
Complications - perforation and he-
morrhage
13. Precipitation of cholesterol from bile occurs at more prone to gallstones.
high concentrations, predisposing to the for-
mation of gallstones. - This is why if you have
a high fat diet, you could be
14. Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver
15. If bilirubin can't be excreted, what clinical man- Jaundice
ifestation will be observed?
16. Acalculous cholecystitis Acute inflammation of gallbladder in
the absence of gallstones
= occurs in critically ill patients and
patients on TPN
17. consisting of the portal veins, hepatic arteries, portal triads
and bile ducts
18. Any obstruction to the flow of blood may result Portal hypertension
in a rise in portal venous pressure proximal to
the level of blockage. (with liver damage, the
portal vein will start to back up)
19. Liver function -Temporary storage of blood
-Removal of bilirubin from the blood-
stream (HELLO JAUNDICE!!)
-Hematopoiesis (formation of blood
cells) in certain disease states (if kid-
ney or bone marrow are not doing
their jobs)
