Patho exam 4 review!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
1. Whats a gallblad- - Sack like organ that lies on the inferior wall of the liver
der? - releases bile
- Has a cystic duct: connects w the hepatic duct
2. What is the func- - Stores bile
tion of the gall- - emulsifies the fats we eat
bladder? - regulates bile flow into the small intestine
- Regulates pH by releaesing bicrab if stomach is too acidic
- Absorbs fat-soluble vitamins ADEAK
3. What does the - connects to the gallbladder to the common bile duct which then connects to
Cystic Duct Do ? the liver (via hepatic ducts) and the pancreas
- Primary role: Transport bile TO and FROM the gallbladder
4. Bile storage path- Bile produced in the liver flows --> hepatic ducts --> common hepatic duct -->
way cystic duct ---> gallbladder
5. Bile release path- When fat enters the small intestine, (CCK) causes the gallbladder to contract
way
Bile flows --> gallbladder ---> cystic duct ---> common bile duct--> duodenum
6. What regulates The cystic duct has spiral valves of Heister which keep the duct open and regulate
the bile flow? bile movement in both directions
7. Pancreas Exocrine - Acinar cells: produce digestive enzymes
component - Ductal cells: secrete bicarbonate
- Function: digest fats, proteins, carbohydrates
8. Pancreas En- Function: blood glucose regulation
docrine compo- - Beta cells --> insulin
nent (islets of - Alpha cells --> glucagon
langerhans) - Delta cells --> Somatostatin
- PP cells --> Pancreatic polypeptide
, Patho exam 4 review!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
9. Pancreas duct Function: Delivery of digestive secretions
system - moves enzymes to the duodenum sphincter of Oddi (cant make this shit up)
controls flow
10. What is Cholelithi- Gallstones developed by supersaturation of bile w cholesterol (most common
asis ? cause)
- Nucleation: cholesterol crystals that form stones
- Hypomotility and stasis allowing stone growth
11. Most gallstones cholesterol
are composed of
12. Cholelithiasis eti- - Women
ology/risk factors - T2DM
- pt on TPN
- obesity
- Diet
- High cholesterol
- Spinal injuries
- Prolonged fasting
- Rapid Weight loss
- Oral contraceptives
- Pregnancy
13. Chronic cholelithi- - Can be asymptomatic
asis manifesta- - Biliary colic: Persistent epigastric or right upper abdominal pain
tions - Obstruction of cystic duct by a gall stone
- Spasm of sphincter of Oddi
- Pain radiates to the back with N/V, sweating and flatus
- Precipitated by a meal lasting 15 mins to 1 hour, slowly decreases
- Related to diet - fatty food
14.
, Patho exam 4 review!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
What is Cholecys- Inflammation of the gallbladder wall that causes fibrosis and thickening
titis ? - R/T continued presence of gallstones
15. Acute cholecysti- Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall and/or sphincter of Oddi
tis
Etiology
- Gallstones
- Obstruction of cystic duct related to stasis of bile
- bacterial infection
- Acalculous (w/o stones): after major surgery, trauma, critically ill, burns, TPN
16. What are manifes- - Severe upper right abdominal pain radiates to back
tations of acute - Fever; leukocytosis
cholecystitis? - abdominal tenderness
- Mild elevations of bilirubin
17. Chronic cholecys- - Persistent irritation to gallbladder wall from cholelithiasis
titis - Etiology: Diabetes and Obesity
- Untreated = increase risk of cancer or sepsis
- Manifestations same as acute
18. What are the Ultrasound is first *can do CT, MRI
diagnostic test(s)
for cholelithia-
sis/cholecystitis?
19. General manifes- Attributable to hepatocellular failure
tations of liver dis-
ease Clinical manifestations
- Jaundice
- Muscle wasting
- Ascites: portal hypertension>hypoalbuminemia
- Excessive bleeding
, Patho exam 4 review!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
- Deficiencies of important blood proteins and vitamins
- Glucose imbalance
- Impaired Hormone production
- impaired clearance of exogenous drugs
- conversion of ammonia to urea > hepatic encephalopathy
20. Complications of - Ascites
advanced liver - Spontaneous Bacterial peritonitis
disease - Hepatorenal syndrome
- Jaundice
21. What is Jaundice ? Results from impaired bilirubin metabolism
- Characteristic sign of liver disease
- Green/yellow staining of tissues by bilirubin
22. What causes As- - Accumulation of sodium, water, and protein in peritoneal cavity
cites? - Occurs w portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
- Advanced liver disease
- Hypothyroidism
23. I have advanced Portal vein HTN
liver disease that
is approaching liv-
er failure. I have
developed ascites
with esophageal
varices. What is
behind this com-
plication?
24. How do we con- Liver biopsy
firm cirrhosis?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
1. Whats a gallblad- - Sack like organ that lies on the inferior wall of the liver
der? - releases bile
- Has a cystic duct: connects w the hepatic duct
2. What is the func- - Stores bile
tion of the gall- - emulsifies the fats we eat
bladder? - regulates bile flow into the small intestine
- Regulates pH by releaesing bicrab if stomach is too acidic
- Absorbs fat-soluble vitamins ADEAK
3. What does the - connects to the gallbladder to the common bile duct which then connects to
Cystic Duct Do ? the liver (via hepatic ducts) and the pancreas
- Primary role: Transport bile TO and FROM the gallbladder
4. Bile storage path- Bile produced in the liver flows --> hepatic ducts --> common hepatic duct -->
way cystic duct ---> gallbladder
5. Bile release path- When fat enters the small intestine, (CCK) causes the gallbladder to contract
way
Bile flows --> gallbladder ---> cystic duct ---> common bile duct--> duodenum
6. What regulates The cystic duct has spiral valves of Heister which keep the duct open and regulate
the bile flow? bile movement in both directions
7. Pancreas Exocrine - Acinar cells: produce digestive enzymes
component - Ductal cells: secrete bicarbonate
- Function: digest fats, proteins, carbohydrates
8. Pancreas En- Function: blood glucose regulation
docrine compo- - Beta cells --> insulin
nent (islets of - Alpha cells --> glucagon
langerhans) - Delta cells --> Somatostatin
- PP cells --> Pancreatic polypeptide
, Patho exam 4 review!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
9. Pancreas duct Function: Delivery of digestive secretions
system - moves enzymes to the duodenum sphincter of Oddi (cant make this shit up)
controls flow
10. What is Cholelithi- Gallstones developed by supersaturation of bile w cholesterol (most common
asis ? cause)
- Nucleation: cholesterol crystals that form stones
- Hypomotility and stasis allowing stone growth
11. Most gallstones cholesterol
are composed of
12. Cholelithiasis eti- - Women
ology/risk factors - T2DM
- pt on TPN
- obesity
- Diet
- High cholesterol
- Spinal injuries
- Prolonged fasting
- Rapid Weight loss
- Oral contraceptives
- Pregnancy
13. Chronic cholelithi- - Can be asymptomatic
asis manifesta- - Biliary colic: Persistent epigastric or right upper abdominal pain
tions - Obstruction of cystic duct by a gall stone
- Spasm of sphincter of Oddi
- Pain radiates to the back with N/V, sweating and flatus
- Precipitated by a meal lasting 15 mins to 1 hour, slowly decreases
- Related to diet - fatty food
14.
, Patho exam 4 review!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
What is Cholecys- Inflammation of the gallbladder wall that causes fibrosis and thickening
titis ? - R/T continued presence of gallstones
15. Acute cholecysti- Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall and/or sphincter of Oddi
tis
Etiology
- Gallstones
- Obstruction of cystic duct related to stasis of bile
- bacterial infection
- Acalculous (w/o stones): after major surgery, trauma, critically ill, burns, TPN
16. What are manifes- - Severe upper right abdominal pain radiates to back
tations of acute - Fever; leukocytosis
cholecystitis? - abdominal tenderness
- Mild elevations of bilirubin
17. Chronic cholecys- - Persistent irritation to gallbladder wall from cholelithiasis
titis - Etiology: Diabetes and Obesity
- Untreated = increase risk of cancer or sepsis
- Manifestations same as acute
18. What are the Ultrasound is first *can do CT, MRI
diagnostic test(s)
for cholelithia-
sis/cholecystitis?
19. General manifes- Attributable to hepatocellular failure
tations of liver dis-
ease Clinical manifestations
- Jaundice
- Muscle wasting
- Ascites: portal hypertension>hypoalbuminemia
- Excessive bleeding
, Patho exam 4 review!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j13gsx
- Deficiencies of important blood proteins and vitamins
- Glucose imbalance
- Impaired Hormone production
- impaired clearance of exogenous drugs
- conversion of ammonia to urea > hepatic encephalopathy
20. Complications of - Ascites
advanced liver - Spontaneous Bacterial peritonitis
disease - Hepatorenal syndrome
- Jaundice
21. What is Jaundice ? Results from impaired bilirubin metabolism
- Characteristic sign of liver disease
- Green/yellow staining of tissues by bilirubin
22. What causes As- - Accumulation of sodium, water, and protein in peritoneal cavity
cites? - Occurs w portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
- Advanced liver disease
- Hypothyroidism
23. I have advanced Portal vein HTN
liver disease that
is approaching liv-
er failure. I have
developed ascites
with esophageal
varices. What is
behind this com-
plication?
24. How do we con- Liver biopsy
firm cirrhosis?
