PNB 2265 EXAM II QUESTIONS
COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWER
\.What is an articulation? - ANSWERS✔-An articulation is the meeting place of two
or more bones.
The type of tissues that connecting the bones together with determine the
functions of the joint (freely movable?) and the structural classification of that
joint.
\.Range of motion: - ANSWERS✔-refers to the normal extent of mobility for a
specific joint movement
\.degrees of freedom - ANSWERS✔-the number of axes at which movement in a
joint occurs
\.Biaxial joint - ANSWERS✔-If you have two axes of rotation, two planes of
movement, two degrees of freedom is called biaxial joint you can combine to
make a fifth movement called circumduction.
\.Relationship between mobility and stability - ANSWERS✔-The nature of the
tissue connecting bones in a joint will determine that bones function and whether
its freely movable, slightly moveable or not movable at all.
,For example, the shoulder is the most frequently injured joint.
It is structurally most unstable joint in the whole body.
\.What are the classifications by structural categories? - ANSWERS✔-fibrous,
cartilaginous, and synovial
\.What are the classifications by function categories? - ANSWERS✔-syntharthrosis:
immovable
amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable
diarthrosis: freely movable
\.Classifications by function and structure categories relationship - ANSWERS✔-
That is within the first two structural classes, fibers and cartilaginous, we have
examples of different functional classes that is both slightly movable and
immovable joints.
However, all synovial joints are considered to be diarthrosis, freely movable.
\.Anatomical position - ANSWERS✔-standing, arms by sides, palms forward
\.Flexion: - ANSWERS✔-bending a joint, decreasing the angle between bones and
bringing moving segment closer to the other bone
fingers, elbow, knee
,"forward flexion"
\.Extension - ANSWERS✔-straightens the joint, increasing the angle between
bones
\.abduction - ANSWERS✔-movement away from midlinead
\.Circumduction - ANSWERS✔-It is a combined movement of flexion, extension,
abduction and adduction.
Any joint such as the wrist capable of the two movement pairs (either both flexion
+ extension or adduction + abduction) can perform the movement of
circumduction.
\.Rotation - ANSWERS✔-- occurs on the longitudinal axis of a moving part
- head on the neck
- intervetebral discs of spine
- possible ball and socket joints ( hip and shoulder)
\.Supination and Pronation: - ANSWERS✔-S: You can see this if you stand in
anatomical position, and then flex or bend elbow to 90 degrees and then rotate
your palms up.
R: rotate it palms down
, \.Inversion and Eversion - ANSWERS✔-- occur at the joints between tarsals joints
in foot
I: rocking food inward
E: rocking foot outward
\.Opposition - ANSWERS✔-Pinch any finger to the thumb
\.Movements that can occur in the jaw and the scapular thoracic joint.
Elevation:
Depression:
Protraction:
Retraction: - ANSWERS✔-Elevation:
Shrugging (lifting your shoulders + close jaw)
Depression:
Open mouth and bring shoulders down.
Protraction:
Think about doing pushups (push) you are protracting the scapule to lift up
Retraction:
When you reach down to the floor (^)
\.Sutures
COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWER
\.What is an articulation? - ANSWERS✔-An articulation is the meeting place of two
or more bones.
The type of tissues that connecting the bones together with determine the
functions of the joint (freely movable?) and the structural classification of that
joint.
\.Range of motion: - ANSWERS✔-refers to the normal extent of mobility for a
specific joint movement
\.degrees of freedom - ANSWERS✔-the number of axes at which movement in a
joint occurs
\.Biaxial joint - ANSWERS✔-If you have two axes of rotation, two planes of
movement, two degrees of freedom is called biaxial joint you can combine to
make a fifth movement called circumduction.
\.Relationship between mobility and stability - ANSWERS✔-The nature of the
tissue connecting bones in a joint will determine that bones function and whether
its freely movable, slightly moveable or not movable at all.
,For example, the shoulder is the most frequently injured joint.
It is structurally most unstable joint in the whole body.
\.What are the classifications by structural categories? - ANSWERS✔-fibrous,
cartilaginous, and synovial
\.What are the classifications by function categories? - ANSWERS✔-syntharthrosis:
immovable
amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable
diarthrosis: freely movable
\.Classifications by function and structure categories relationship - ANSWERS✔-
That is within the first two structural classes, fibers and cartilaginous, we have
examples of different functional classes that is both slightly movable and
immovable joints.
However, all synovial joints are considered to be diarthrosis, freely movable.
\.Anatomical position - ANSWERS✔-standing, arms by sides, palms forward
\.Flexion: - ANSWERS✔-bending a joint, decreasing the angle between bones and
bringing moving segment closer to the other bone
fingers, elbow, knee
,"forward flexion"
\.Extension - ANSWERS✔-straightens the joint, increasing the angle between
bones
\.abduction - ANSWERS✔-movement away from midlinead
\.Circumduction - ANSWERS✔-It is a combined movement of flexion, extension,
abduction and adduction.
Any joint such as the wrist capable of the two movement pairs (either both flexion
+ extension or adduction + abduction) can perform the movement of
circumduction.
\.Rotation - ANSWERS✔-- occurs on the longitudinal axis of a moving part
- head on the neck
- intervetebral discs of spine
- possible ball and socket joints ( hip and shoulder)
\.Supination and Pronation: - ANSWERS✔-S: You can see this if you stand in
anatomical position, and then flex or bend elbow to 90 degrees and then rotate
your palms up.
R: rotate it palms down
, \.Inversion and Eversion - ANSWERS✔-- occur at the joints between tarsals joints
in foot
I: rocking food inward
E: rocking foot outward
\.Opposition - ANSWERS✔-Pinch any finger to the thumb
\.Movements that can occur in the jaw and the scapular thoracic joint.
Elevation:
Depression:
Protraction:
Retraction: - ANSWERS✔-Elevation:
Shrugging (lifting your shoulders + close jaw)
Depression:
Open mouth and bring shoulders down.
Protraction:
Think about doing pushups (push) you are protracting the scapule to lift up
Retraction:
When you reach down to the floor (^)
\.Sutures
