PAThk201hkWeekhk8:hkObstructivehkPulmonaryhkDisease
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkonsethkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCOPD?hk-
hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ asthmahkhappenshkearlyhkinhklife
COPDhkhappenshklaterhkinhklife
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhksymptomshkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCOPD?hk-
hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
asthmahkvarieshkfromhkdayhktohkday,hkworsehkathknighthkandhkearlyhkmorning
COPDhkishkprogressive
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkcausehkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCOPD?hk-
hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ asthmahkishktriggeredhkbyhkahksensitizinghkagent
COPDhkishktriggedhkbyhkahknoxioushkagenthk(e.g.hksmoking),hkorhkbyhkgenetichkd
eficiencyhkofhkalphahk1hkantitrypsin
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkinflammatoryhkcellshkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkC
OPD?
,whyhkishkthishkimportanthktohkknow?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
asthmahk=hkeosinophils,hkCD4hkhelperhkcells
COPDhk=hkneutrophils,hkmacrophages,hkCD8hkcytotoxichkcells
wehkcanhktesthktohkdeterminehkwhathkcellshkanhkindividualhkhashkmorehkofhkwhen
hktryinghktohkdiagnosehkthem
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkairflowhklimitationhkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCO
PD?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
asthmahkishkusuallyhkreversiblehkbuthkmayhkbecomehkpersistent
COPDhkishknothkreversible
whathkishkhypercapnia?hkwhathkcauseshkit?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
excesshkcarbonhkdioxidehkinhkthehkblood
causedhkbyhkpulmonaryhkdiseaseshk-
hkdecreasedhkdrivehktohkbreathehkand/orhkinadequatehkabilityhktohkrespondhktohkv
entilatoryhkstimulation
whathkishkhypoxemia?hkwhathkcauseshkit?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
lowhkoxygenhkinhkthehkblood
,ventilation-perfusionhkabnormalitieshk-hkshuntinghkorhkalveolarhkdeadhkspace
whathkishkshunting?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
Perfusionhkwithouthkventilation
thehkbodyhkshuntshkbloodhkawayhkfromhkareashkofhkthehklungshkthathkarehknothkwe
llhkventilatedhktohknothkwastehkthehkblood
whathkishkalveolarhkdeadhkspace?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ non-
functionalhkalveolihkduehktohkcollapsehkorhkobstruction
whathkishkthehkV/Qhkratio?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
ratiohkofhkventilationhk(V)hktohkperfusionhk(Q)hkinhkthehklung
whathkishkventilation?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
thehkabilityhkofhkairhktohkreachhkalveoli
whathkishkperfusion?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
howhkwellhkbloodhkcirculateshkandhkreacheshkthehkalveolihkviahkcapillaries
, whathkishkanhkexamplehkofhkahkconditionhkthathkmayhkcausehkdecreasedhkventilat
ionhkbuthknormalhkperfusion?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ asthma
whathkishkanhkexamplehkofhkahkconditionhkthathkmayhkcausehkdecreasedhkperfusi
onhkbuthknormalhkventilation?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
pulmonaryhkembolism
whathkdoeshklowhkV/Qhkmean?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
inadequatehkventilationhkofhkwell-perfusedhkareas
whathkdoeshkhighhkV/Qhkmean?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
adequatehkventilationhkofhkpoorlyhkperfusedhkareas
whathkarehkthehkfourhktestshkofhkpulmonaryhkfunction?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔
✔ spirometryhk
totalhklunghkcapacity
thoracichkimaginghktechniques
arterialhkbloodhkgashkanalysis
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkonsethkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCOPD?hk-
hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ asthmahkhappenshkearlyhkinhklife
COPDhkhappenshklaterhkinhklife
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhksymptomshkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCOPD?hk-
hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
asthmahkvarieshkfromhkdayhktohkday,hkworsehkathknighthkandhkearlyhkmorning
COPDhkishkprogressive
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkcausehkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCOPD?hk-
hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ asthmahkishktriggeredhkbyhkahksensitizinghkagent
COPDhkishktriggedhkbyhkahknoxioushkagenthk(e.g.hksmoking),hkorhkbyhkgenetichkd
eficiencyhkofhkalphahk1hkantitrypsin
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkinflammatoryhkcellshkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkC
OPD?
,whyhkishkthishkimportanthktohkknow?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
asthmahk=hkeosinophils,hkCD4hkhelperhkcells
COPDhk=hkneutrophils,hkmacrophages,hkCD8hkcytotoxichkcells
wehkcanhktesthktohkdeterminehkwhathkcellshkanhkindividualhkhashkmorehkofhkwhen
hktryinghktohkdiagnosehkthem
whathkishkthehkdifferencehkinhkairflowhklimitationhkbetweenhkasthmahkandhkCO
PD?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
asthmahkishkusuallyhkreversiblehkbuthkmayhkbecomehkpersistent
COPDhkishknothkreversible
whathkishkhypercapnia?hkwhathkcauseshkit?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
excesshkcarbonhkdioxidehkinhkthehkblood
causedhkbyhkpulmonaryhkdiseaseshk-
hkdecreasedhkdrivehktohkbreathehkand/orhkinadequatehkabilityhktohkrespondhktohkv
entilatoryhkstimulation
whathkishkhypoxemia?hkwhathkcauseshkit?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
lowhkoxygenhkinhkthehkblood
,ventilation-perfusionhkabnormalitieshk-hkshuntinghkorhkalveolarhkdeadhkspace
whathkishkshunting?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
Perfusionhkwithouthkventilation
thehkbodyhkshuntshkbloodhkawayhkfromhkareashkofhkthehklungshkthathkarehknothkwe
llhkventilatedhktohknothkwastehkthehkblood
whathkishkalveolarhkdeadhkspace?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ non-
functionalhkalveolihkduehktohkcollapsehkorhkobstruction
whathkishkthehkV/Qhkratio?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
ratiohkofhkventilationhk(V)hktohkperfusionhk(Q)hkinhkthehklung
whathkishkventilation?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
thehkabilityhkofhkairhktohkreachhkalveoli
whathkishkperfusion?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
howhkwellhkbloodhkcirculateshkandhkreacheshkthehkalveolihkviahkcapillaries
, whathkishkanhkexamplehkofhkahkconditionhkthathkmayhkcausehkdecreasedhkventilat
ionhkbuthknormalhkperfusion?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔ asthma
whathkishkanhkexamplehkofhkahkconditionhkthathkmayhkcausehkdecreasedhkperfusi
onhkbuthknormalhkventilation?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
pulmonaryhkembolism
whathkdoeshklowhkV/Qhkmean?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
inadequatehkventilationhkofhkwell-perfusedhkareas
whathkdoeshkhighhkV/Qhkmean?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔ ✔
adequatehkventilationhkofhkpoorlyhkperfusedhkareas
whathkarehkthehkfourhktestshkofhkpulmonaryhkfunction?hk-hkcorrecthkanswer✔
✔ spirometryhk
totalhklunghkcapacity
thoracichkimaginghktechniques
arterialhkbloodhkgashkanalysis
