SPCE 609 FINAL EXAM VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY
GUIDE
Biophysical Explanations - Answers - Human behavior is controlled by physical
influences
Biochemical Explanations - Answers - Certain behaviors may result from excesses or
deficiencies of various substances found in the body
Four Requirements for Usefulness of Explanations - Answers - Inclusive,verifiable,
predictive utility, parsimonious
Inclusiveness - Answers - Must account of a substantial quantity of behavior
Verifiable - Answers - Should be able to test in some way that it does account for
behavior
Predictive Utility - Answers - Should provide reliable answers about what people are
likely to do under certain circumstances-change behavior by changing conditions
Parsimonious - Answers - The simplest explanation that will account for observed
phenomena
Developmental Explanations - Answers - Predictable patterns of development actually
occur
Psychoanalytic Theory - Answers - Progression through certain crucial stages
Stages of psychoanalytic Theory - Answers - oral, anal, and phallic
Theory of Cognitive Development - Answers - Jean Piaget
Assimilation - Answers - Adapt the environment to enhance personal functions
Accommodation - Answers - Change the behavior to adapt to environment
Equilibration - Answers - Maintaining a balance between assimilation and
accommodation
Behavioral Explanations - Answers - Human behavior is learned
Positive Reinforcement - Answers - When a behavior is followed by the addition of a
consequence that increases the future frequency of a behavior
, Negative Reinforcement - Answers - When a behavior is followed by the removal of a
stimulus that decreases the frequency of a behavior
Punishment - Answers - A behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the
future rate of that behavior
Punisher - Answers - The event/stimulus
Extinction - Answers - When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforcer and
the rate of occurrence decreases
Stimulus Control - Answers - When an antecedent causes behavior or serves as a cue
for a behavior to occur
Antecedent Stimulus - Answers - A stimulus that happen before (precedes) a behavior
Modeling - Answers - Demonstration of behavior
Shaping - Answers - Uses reinforcement of the successive approximations of a
behavior to teach the desired behavior.
Operant Behaviors - Answers - Happen voluntarily
Respondent Behaviors - Answers - Are learned
Applied Behavior Analysis - Answers - Systematic application of behavioral principles to
change socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree
Determinism - Answers - A philosophical belief that events, including human behavior,
follow certain fixed patterns
Social Validity - Answers - Acceptability of a program to its consumers
Therapeutic Environment - Answers - Safe, humane, and responsive to an individual
needs--enjoyable too
Law of Effect - Answers - any act which in a given situation produces satisfaction
becomes associated with that situation
Law of Exercise - Answers - A response made in a particular situation becomes
associated with the situation
Informed consent - Answers - Based on full understanding of the planned program
GUIDE
Biophysical Explanations - Answers - Human behavior is controlled by physical
influences
Biochemical Explanations - Answers - Certain behaviors may result from excesses or
deficiencies of various substances found in the body
Four Requirements for Usefulness of Explanations - Answers - Inclusive,verifiable,
predictive utility, parsimonious
Inclusiveness - Answers - Must account of a substantial quantity of behavior
Verifiable - Answers - Should be able to test in some way that it does account for
behavior
Predictive Utility - Answers - Should provide reliable answers about what people are
likely to do under certain circumstances-change behavior by changing conditions
Parsimonious - Answers - The simplest explanation that will account for observed
phenomena
Developmental Explanations - Answers - Predictable patterns of development actually
occur
Psychoanalytic Theory - Answers - Progression through certain crucial stages
Stages of psychoanalytic Theory - Answers - oral, anal, and phallic
Theory of Cognitive Development - Answers - Jean Piaget
Assimilation - Answers - Adapt the environment to enhance personal functions
Accommodation - Answers - Change the behavior to adapt to environment
Equilibration - Answers - Maintaining a balance between assimilation and
accommodation
Behavioral Explanations - Answers - Human behavior is learned
Positive Reinforcement - Answers - When a behavior is followed by the addition of a
consequence that increases the future frequency of a behavior
, Negative Reinforcement - Answers - When a behavior is followed by the removal of a
stimulus that decreases the frequency of a behavior
Punishment - Answers - A behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the
future rate of that behavior
Punisher - Answers - The event/stimulus
Extinction - Answers - When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforcer and
the rate of occurrence decreases
Stimulus Control - Answers - When an antecedent causes behavior or serves as a cue
for a behavior to occur
Antecedent Stimulus - Answers - A stimulus that happen before (precedes) a behavior
Modeling - Answers - Demonstration of behavior
Shaping - Answers - Uses reinforcement of the successive approximations of a
behavior to teach the desired behavior.
Operant Behaviors - Answers - Happen voluntarily
Respondent Behaviors - Answers - Are learned
Applied Behavior Analysis - Answers - Systematic application of behavioral principles to
change socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree
Determinism - Answers - A philosophical belief that events, including human behavior,
follow certain fixed patterns
Social Validity - Answers - Acceptability of a program to its consumers
Therapeutic Environment - Answers - Safe, humane, and responsive to an individual
needs--enjoyable too
Law of Effect - Answers - any act which in a given situation produces satisfaction
becomes associated with that situation
Law of Exercise - Answers - A response made in a particular situation becomes
associated with the situation
Informed consent - Answers - Based on full understanding of the planned program
