CNL EXAM VERSION 1 AND 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
fidelity - (answer) agreement to keep promises
veracity- (answer) telling the truth
justice - (answer) Fairness. Often r/t health care resources.
beneficence- (answer) taking positive actions to help others +interest of pt above self-interest
nonmaleficence- (answer) avoiding harm or hurt
negligence- (answer) conduct that falls below standard of care
malpractice- (answer) type of negligence (professional)
Slander vs libel?- (answer) Slande=verbal gossip/smearing/defamation.Libel=wriitten
Even when disagreement occurs about decisions a client makes, the nurse maintains care of the client,not
abandoning the client.=example of? - (answer) fidelity
Nurse follows through with care offered to pts, like mnging pain - may need to make revisions to plan to meet
pain goal. = ex of? - (answer) fidelity
Liver transplants given to people on waiting list according to need and who fits criteria (can't be current ETOH).
Not by who can pay. = ex of? - (answer) justice (fairness)
RN has busy day, kid asks for pill w/apple sauce even though can swallow whole. You put in applesauce =ex of? -
(answer) beneficence
commitment to provide least harmful interventions illustrat=? (answer) nonmaleficence
,Taking extra step to look up options of SNIFF for pt vs educating about palliative care options over chemo for 95
yrold= what 2 ethics? - (answer) beneficence & nonmaleficence
a pt asks if their A-fib is really something serious to be concerned about-you answer truthfully w/educ about stroke
risk.=ex of?- (answer) veracity
Are negligence and malpractice intentional or unintentional torts (suits ag person or property?)-(answer)
unintentional
assault vs battery?- (answer) assault = intentional threat to bring harm. Battery=intentional
touching/contact w/o consent (harmful or only offensive)
Assault or battery? Person sent hateful mail with pictures of beating other person up - (answer) Assault
Failure to properly delegate and supervise or a failure to ensure pt safety or hanging wrongN=?(answer)
professional negligence (malpractice) or negligent acts
to avoid malpractice (prof negligence) folow standards of care, communicate, document, & what 2others?-
(answer) know literature, know policies & procedures
malpractice insurance covers what? - (answer) liability insurance to provide defense when RN in lawsuit for
professional negligence or med malpractice
What format do you want to frame an EBP clinical question? - (answer) PICO:
Patient/population,Intervention, Comparison,Outcome
5 Steps of researching and using EBP?- (answer) Ask the qstn (PICO), Collect evidence, critically appraise
it,integrate w/pt prefs and clinical expertise, evaluate the change once made
Why are CNLS innovators and early adopters, but not researchers? - (answer) CNLs are Master's prepared
and trained to critique and apply research. But only PHD prepared do research studies
,Most of your floor nurses are ADN prepared. Why is this important to remember when presenting them with EBP for
a change? - (answer) ADN's never take research class. Help educate them on how to use it -what it means.
Is it pointless to show a resistor EBP? - (answer) NO! Important to do so, and to educate them!
What are 3 main barriers to implementing EBP? - (answer) Practioners don't understand the research,lack of admin
support, poor quality of research support/findings
What makes a research article good: Large sample, rigor of methods (double blind/IRB approval),Representative
sample, clinical relevance, sufficient lit review...4 others? - (answer) strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?, limitations
acknowledged? Can be replicated?
What makes a research article good: strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?, limitations acknowledged?Can be
replicated?+5others?- (answer) Large sample, rigor of methods (double blind/IRB approval),Representative sample,
clinical relevance, sufficient lit review
What are 3 broad questions to consder (Venn diagram) when considering to use EBP or not?- (answer)Is the quality
of the study good enough to validate results? Are findings applicable to my practice? What do the results mean to my
pts?
What type of biases may result in subjects in sample being unrepresentative of population of interest?-(answer)
Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval)
Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval) may mean what for the study? - (answer)the subjects
might be unrepresentative of population of interest (non-random sample or process of choosing specific pple for
study)
Measurement biases (systematic error) result from what? - (answer) How outcome measured...poor calibration, or
human error.
If instruments in study were poorly calibrated, or observation technique was poor,it could result in what bias?-
(answer) Measurement bias (systematic error)
, What is exposure bias?- (answer) Involves diffs in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were exposed
to factor of interest
diffs in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were exposed to factor of interest= bias?- (answer)
exposure/intervention bias
What are the 7 levels of evidence from high to low? - (answer) Systematic Review (meta-analysis,narrative, meta-
synthesis), Critically appraised, RCT, Cohort Study, Case-control study, Expert committee,indvl clinical expertise
Distinguish b/w 3 types of systematic reviews: - (answer) 1) Meta-analysis (quantitative and highest) 2)Systematic
review including narratives 3) Meta-synthesis (total qualitative)
Besides systematic review w/narratives, what are meta-analysis and meta-synthesis?- (answer) Meta-analysis =
quantitative RCTs. Metat-synthesis = qualitative
Diff b/w cohort and case-control study? - (answer) Cohort=observational follows 2 groups forward for outcome.Case-
control: observational retrospective by ID pts with spcf dise/outcome and w/o and looking back.(relies on memory!)
Which type of study IDs group of pts w/outcome (brst cancer) and those without, and then looks back to see for
diffs? Why prone to error?- (answer) Case-control study. Relies on memory so prone to error.
Which is more prone to error cohort or case-control? - (answer) Case-control- It's always retrospective and relies on
people's memories.
What type of study is observational and follows group before any dses showing forward looking for outcomes?-
(answer) cohort study
Cohort study (usually longitudinal prospective) and Case-control (usually observational retrospective),but can each
be reverse?- (answer) yes, cohort can use archives and be retrospective and case-control can be applied to
propsective
fidelity - (answer) agreement to keep promises
veracity- (answer) telling the truth
justice - (answer) Fairness. Often r/t health care resources.
beneficence- (answer) taking positive actions to help others +interest of pt above self-interest
nonmaleficence- (answer) avoiding harm or hurt
negligence- (answer) conduct that falls below standard of care
malpractice- (answer) type of negligence (professional)
Slander vs libel?- (answer) Slande=verbal gossip/smearing/defamation.Libel=wriitten
Even when disagreement occurs about decisions a client makes, the nurse maintains care of the client,not
abandoning the client.=example of? - (answer) fidelity
Nurse follows through with care offered to pts, like mnging pain - may need to make revisions to plan to meet
pain goal. = ex of? - (answer) fidelity
Liver transplants given to people on waiting list according to need and who fits criteria (can't be current ETOH).
Not by who can pay. = ex of? - (answer) justice (fairness)
RN has busy day, kid asks for pill w/apple sauce even though can swallow whole. You put in applesauce =ex of? -
(answer) beneficence
commitment to provide least harmful interventions illustrat=? (answer) nonmaleficence
,Taking extra step to look up options of SNIFF for pt vs educating about palliative care options over chemo for 95
yrold= what 2 ethics? - (answer) beneficence & nonmaleficence
a pt asks if their A-fib is really something serious to be concerned about-you answer truthfully w/educ about stroke
risk.=ex of?- (answer) veracity
Are negligence and malpractice intentional or unintentional torts (suits ag person or property?)-(answer)
unintentional
assault vs battery?- (answer) assault = intentional threat to bring harm. Battery=intentional
touching/contact w/o consent (harmful or only offensive)
Assault or battery? Person sent hateful mail with pictures of beating other person up - (answer) Assault
Failure to properly delegate and supervise or a failure to ensure pt safety or hanging wrongN=?(answer)
professional negligence (malpractice) or negligent acts
to avoid malpractice (prof negligence) folow standards of care, communicate, document, & what 2others?-
(answer) know literature, know policies & procedures
malpractice insurance covers what? - (answer) liability insurance to provide defense when RN in lawsuit for
professional negligence or med malpractice
What format do you want to frame an EBP clinical question? - (answer) PICO:
Patient/population,Intervention, Comparison,Outcome
5 Steps of researching and using EBP?- (answer) Ask the qstn (PICO), Collect evidence, critically appraise
it,integrate w/pt prefs and clinical expertise, evaluate the change once made
Why are CNLS innovators and early adopters, but not researchers? - (answer) CNLs are Master's prepared
and trained to critique and apply research. But only PHD prepared do research studies
,Most of your floor nurses are ADN prepared. Why is this important to remember when presenting them with EBP for
a change? - (answer) ADN's never take research class. Help educate them on how to use it -what it means.
Is it pointless to show a resistor EBP? - (answer) NO! Important to do so, and to educate them!
What are 3 main barriers to implementing EBP? - (answer) Practioners don't understand the research,lack of admin
support, poor quality of research support/findings
What makes a research article good: Large sample, rigor of methods (double blind/IRB approval),Representative
sample, clinical relevance, sufficient lit review...4 others? - (answer) strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?, limitations
acknowledged? Can be replicated?
What makes a research article good: strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?, limitations acknowledged?Can be
replicated?+5others?- (answer) Large sample, rigor of methods (double blind/IRB approval),Representative sample,
clinical relevance, sufficient lit review
What are 3 broad questions to consder (Venn diagram) when considering to use EBP or not?- (answer)Is the quality
of the study good enough to validate results? Are findings applicable to my practice? What do the results mean to my
pts?
What type of biases may result in subjects in sample being unrepresentative of population of interest?-(answer)
Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval)
Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval) may mean what for the study? - (answer)the subjects
might be unrepresentative of population of interest (non-random sample or process of choosing specific pple for
study)
Measurement biases (systematic error) result from what? - (answer) How outcome measured...poor calibration, or
human error.
If instruments in study were poorly calibrated, or observation technique was poor,it could result in what bias?-
(answer) Measurement bias (systematic error)
, What is exposure bias?- (answer) Involves diffs in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were exposed
to factor of interest
diffs in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were exposed to factor of interest= bias?- (answer)
exposure/intervention bias
What are the 7 levels of evidence from high to low? - (answer) Systematic Review (meta-analysis,narrative, meta-
synthesis), Critically appraised, RCT, Cohort Study, Case-control study, Expert committee,indvl clinical expertise
Distinguish b/w 3 types of systematic reviews: - (answer) 1) Meta-analysis (quantitative and highest) 2)Systematic
review including narratives 3) Meta-synthesis (total qualitative)
Besides systematic review w/narratives, what are meta-analysis and meta-synthesis?- (answer) Meta-analysis =
quantitative RCTs. Metat-synthesis = qualitative
Diff b/w cohort and case-control study? - (answer) Cohort=observational follows 2 groups forward for outcome.Case-
control: observational retrospective by ID pts with spcf dise/outcome and w/o and looking back.(relies on memory!)
Which type of study IDs group of pts w/outcome (brst cancer) and those without, and then looks back to see for
diffs? Why prone to error?- (answer) Case-control study. Relies on memory so prone to error.
Which is more prone to error cohort or case-control? - (answer) Case-control- It's always retrospective and relies on
people's memories.
What type of study is observational and follows group before any dses showing forward looking for outcomes?-
(answer) cohort study
Cohort study (usually longitudinal prospective) and Case-control (usually observational retrospective),but can each
be reverse?- (answer) yes, cohort can use archives and be retrospective and case-control can be applied to
propsective
