PNVN 1631 – Cardio Exam, 2026 – Study guide and
practice material
what is left sided heart failure related to? - correct answer ✔✔ Lungs, leads to pulmonary
edema, Dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary crackles, wheezing, pink frothy sputum and couch
what is the master pacemaker? - correct answer ✔✔ SA node
when a pt is refusing meds how do you communicate? - correct answer ✔✔ get clarification as
to why
if a pt is scared of lightening how would you communicate with them if they have ECG wiring
on? - correct answer ✔✔ Identify the problem, reassure them and educate them
for a pt on bed rest how do you decrease chances of blood clot? - correct answer ✔✔
ambulation
what machine should you have on site in case of V-fib? - correct answer ✔✔ defibrillator (AED)
a pt who has an abdominal aortic aneurism is really concerned, how do you communicate with
them? - correct answer ✔✔ Clarification, restate, educate
how do you prevent tolerance for a pt who is constantly on nitrates? - correct answer ✔✔
intermittent brakes
when do you administer diuretics? - correct answer ✔✔ in the morning
, What do diuretics do? - correct answer ✔✔ increase in urine output by secreting excess fluid
what do diuretics deplete? - correct answer ✔✔ potassium (K+)
S/S of MI for men - correct answer ✔✔ numbness in left arm radiating up to neck, jaw teeth,
and epigastric area
S/S of MI for women - correct answer ✔✔ Epigastric pain commonly misdiagnosed as
heartburn, unusual fatigue, sleep disturbance, SOB, weakness and anxiety
Order of blood flow through the heart? - correct answer ✔✔ Systemic circulation starts at Left
ventricle ends at Right atrium
Pulmonary circulation starts at right ventricle ends at left atrium
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart at the right atrium flows to the right ventricle through the
tricuspid valve then goes through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
and then oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and goes to the left ventricle through the
mitral valve then goes through the aortic valve to the aorta and the rest of the body
Food items low in sodium (NA+)? - correct answer ✔✔ Squash
what causes carditis? - correct answer ✔✔ Bacterial infection spread throughout the body
usually from the mouth such as tooth extraction or poor hygiene
antidote for heparin? - correct answer ✔✔ protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin - correct answer ✔✔ Vitamin K
practice material
what is left sided heart failure related to? - correct answer ✔✔ Lungs, leads to pulmonary
edema, Dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary crackles, wheezing, pink frothy sputum and couch
what is the master pacemaker? - correct answer ✔✔ SA node
when a pt is refusing meds how do you communicate? - correct answer ✔✔ get clarification as
to why
if a pt is scared of lightening how would you communicate with them if they have ECG wiring
on? - correct answer ✔✔ Identify the problem, reassure them and educate them
for a pt on bed rest how do you decrease chances of blood clot? - correct answer ✔✔
ambulation
what machine should you have on site in case of V-fib? - correct answer ✔✔ defibrillator (AED)
a pt who has an abdominal aortic aneurism is really concerned, how do you communicate with
them? - correct answer ✔✔ Clarification, restate, educate
how do you prevent tolerance for a pt who is constantly on nitrates? - correct answer ✔✔
intermittent brakes
when do you administer diuretics? - correct answer ✔✔ in the morning
, What do diuretics do? - correct answer ✔✔ increase in urine output by secreting excess fluid
what do diuretics deplete? - correct answer ✔✔ potassium (K+)
S/S of MI for men - correct answer ✔✔ numbness in left arm radiating up to neck, jaw teeth,
and epigastric area
S/S of MI for women - correct answer ✔✔ Epigastric pain commonly misdiagnosed as
heartburn, unusual fatigue, sleep disturbance, SOB, weakness and anxiety
Order of blood flow through the heart? - correct answer ✔✔ Systemic circulation starts at Left
ventricle ends at Right atrium
Pulmonary circulation starts at right ventricle ends at left atrium
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart at the right atrium flows to the right ventricle through the
tricuspid valve then goes through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
and then oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and goes to the left ventricle through the
mitral valve then goes through the aortic valve to the aorta and the rest of the body
Food items low in sodium (NA+)? - correct answer ✔✔ Squash
what causes carditis? - correct answer ✔✔ Bacterial infection spread throughout the body
usually from the mouth such as tooth extraction or poor hygiene
antidote for heparin? - correct answer ✔✔ protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin - correct answer ✔✔ Vitamin K
