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Nervous System and Neuron Function: Structure,
Types, and Synapses Test 2026
What are the three overlapping functions of the nervous system?
......ANSWER......Sensory input, integration, and motor output.
What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of?
......ANSWER......The brain and spinal cord.
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?
......ANSWER......Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.
What are the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
......ANSWER......Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent)
division.
What is the role of the somatic nervous system? ......ANSWER......It
controls voluntary movements by conducting impulses from the CNS to
skeletal muscles.
What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate?
......ANSWER......Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
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What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
......ANSWER......Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.
What are neuroglia? ......ANSWER......Supportive cells that surround and
wrap delicate neurons.
Name the four main types of neuroglia in the CNS.
......ANSWER......Astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and
oligodendrocytes.
What is the primary function of astrocytes? ......ANSWER......Support
and brace neurons, control the chemical environment, and help form
the blood-brain barrier.
What do microglial cells do? ......ANSWER......Monitor neurons and can
transform to phagocytize microorganisms and debris.
What is the function of ependymal cells? ......ANSWER......Line the
central cavities of the brain and spinal column and circulate
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What do oligodendrocytes form? ......ANSWER......An insulating myelin
sheath around CNS nerve fibers.
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Nervous System and Neuron Function: Structure,
Types, and Synapses Test 2026
What are the three overlapping functions of the nervous system?
......ANSWER......Sensory input, integration, and motor output.
What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of?
......ANSWER......The brain and spinal cord.
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?
......ANSWER......Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.
What are the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
......ANSWER......Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent)
division.
What is the role of the somatic nervous system? ......ANSWER......It
controls voluntary movements by conducting impulses from the CNS to
skeletal muscles.
What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate?
......ANSWER......Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
pg. 1
, 2|Page
What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
......ANSWER......Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.
What are neuroglia? ......ANSWER......Supportive cells that surround and
wrap delicate neurons.
Name the four main types of neuroglia in the CNS.
......ANSWER......Astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and
oligodendrocytes.
What is the primary function of astrocytes? ......ANSWER......Support
and brace neurons, control the chemical environment, and help form
the blood-brain barrier.
What do microglial cells do? ......ANSWER......Monitor neurons and can
transform to phagocytize microorganisms and debris.
What is the function of ependymal cells? ......ANSWER......Line the
central cavities of the brain and spinal column and circulate
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What do oligodendrocytes form? ......ANSWER......An insulating myelin
sheath around CNS nerve fibers.
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