LING 301 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
▶ Palatal. Answer: The tip of the tongue brushes over the hard plates
▶ Velar. Answer: The back of the tongue lightly touches to the velum
[k] Collar
[g] Gum
▶ Glottal. Answer: The air passes briefly through the vocal cords without
vibrating; the sound is produced in the glottis, the tongue is not involved
[h] Human
▶ English Consonants- Manner of Articulation. Answer: - We make
consonants by obstructing/stopping air as it leaves our oral cavity through
the nose/mouth
- Tells us how much obstruction there is
- Obstruents
- Sonorants
▶ Obstruents. Answer: Stops [p, b, t, d]
Fricatives [f, v, s, z, h]
▶ Sonorants. Answer: Nasals [m, n]
Approximates:
- Liquids [l]
- Glides [w, j]
▶ Monophthongs. Answer: Vowels that are perceived as single/simple
sounds
, ▶ Front Vowels. Answer: The tongue moves from the bottom up
- Bat, ash, bit, ink, dean
▶ Central Vowels. Answer: Tongue starts in the center and slightly moves
up as we pronounce the second vowel
- But, tough, among
▶ Back Vowels. Answer: Tongue retracts toward the back of the oral
cavity and movs form bottom up as we pronounce these vowels in the
following order
- Boot, who, honor, good
▶ Dipthongs. Answer: Perceived as two/complex sounds
- I, boat, brown, buy
▶ Characteristics of Vowels. Answer: - Front
- Center
- Back
- Roundness (o,u)
- Tense (e)
- Lax
▶ Syllable. Answer: Unit of speech
Every utterance/word consists of at least one syllable
Syllable can be broken into onset and rhyme
Rhyme can be broken into nucleus and coda
▶ Nucleus and Coda. Answer: The heart of a syllable
Not all languages require an onset or a coda
▶ Syllabic Consonants. Answer: [m]- Bottom, adam
[n]- Button, chicken
[l]- Little, single
- Ladder, burp
▶ Suprasegmental Features. Answer: - Features above descriptive
features of a segment/sound
- Length, intonation, tone, stress
▶ Syllable Structure. Answer: 1. Cat
TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
▶ Palatal. Answer: The tip of the tongue brushes over the hard plates
▶ Velar. Answer: The back of the tongue lightly touches to the velum
[k] Collar
[g] Gum
▶ Glottal. Answer: The air passes briefly through the vocal cords without
vibrating; the sound is produced in the glottis, the tongue is not involved
[h] Human
▶ English Consonants- Manner of Articulation. Answer: - We make
consonants by obstructing/stopping air as it leaves our oral cavity through
the nose/mouth
- Tells us how much obstruction there is
- Obstruents
- Sonorants
▶ Obstruents. Answer: Stops [p, b, t, d]
Fricatives [f, v, s, z, h]
▶ Sonorants. Answer: Nasals [m, n]
Approximates:
- Liquids [l]
- Glides [w, j]
▶ Monophthongs. Answer: Vowels that are perceived as single/simple
sounds
, ▶ Front Vowels. Answer: The tongue moves from the bottom up
- Bat, ash, bit, ink, dean
▶ Central Vowels. Answer: Tongue starts in the center and slightly moves
up as we pronounce the second vowel
- But, tough, among
▶ Back Vowels. Answer: Tongue retracts toward the back of the oral
cavity and movs form bottom up as we pronounce these vowels in the
following order
- Boot, who, honor, good
▶ Dipthongs. Answer: Perceived as two/complex sounds
- I, boat, brown, buy
▶ Characteristics of Vowels. Answer: - Front
- Center
- Back
- Roundness (o,u)
- Tense (e)
- Lax
▶ Syllable. Answer: Unit of speech
Every utterance/word consists of at least one syllable
Syllable can be broken into onset and rhyme
Rhyme can be broken into nucleus and coda
▶ Nucleus and Coda. Answer: The heart of a syllable
Not all languages require an onset or a coda
▶ Syllabic Consonants. Answer: [m]- Bottom, adam
[n]- Button, chicken
[l]- Little, single
- Ladder, burp
▶ Suprasegmental Features. Answer: - Features above descriptive
features of a segment/sound
- Length, intonation, tone, stress
▶ Syllable Structure. Answer: 1. Cat
