BIOS251 Exam 2 Review Cell
Biology and Tissues 2026 Exam
All Answers and Illustrations
Given
Principles of Cell Theory - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The smallest structure capable
of carrying out life processes.
Prokaryotic cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells without an organized nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells with an organized and well defined
nucleus.
,Plasma (cell) membrane - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Separates internal and external
environments.
DNA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Genetic material that controls an organism's
composition, replicates the cell.
Cytoplasm - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Can be divided into two portions: Cytosol and
Organelles.
Cytosol - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The liquid portion of the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The site of protein synthesis.
Cytoskeleton - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Intracellular support, used in cell movement,
moves organelles.
Gamete cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells used for reproduction (sperm and
ovum). Replicate via meiosis.
Somatic cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All other cells in the body. Replicate via
mitosis.
Functions of the cell membrane - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Serves as a barrier
protecting the cell's inner content from the extracellular environment.
, Phospholipid bilayer - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The structure that makes up the cell
membrane.
Hydrophilic heads - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water 'loving' parts of the phospholipid
bilayer.
Hydrophobic tails - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water 'hating' parts of the phospholipid
bilayer.
Integral proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Found to travel the entire width of the
membrane touching both internal and external surfaces.
Channel proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allow ions to cross the membrane from
one side to another.
Carrier proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Transport specific substances from one
side of the plasma membrane to the other.
Receptor proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Recognize and bind to specific
molecules called ligands.
Cell Identity Markers - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allow the cell to be identified and
distinguished by the immune system.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
Biology and Tissues 2026 Exam
All Answers and Illustrations
Given
Principles of Cell Theory - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The smallest structure capable
of carrying out life processes.
Prokaryotic cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells without an organized nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells with an organized and well defined
nucleus.
,Plasma (cell) membrane - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Separates internal and external
environments.
DNA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Genetic material that controls an organism's
composition, replicates the cell.
Cytoplasm - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Can be divided into two portions: Cytosol and
Organelles.
Cytosol - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The liquid portion of the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The site of protein synthesis.
Cytoskeleton - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Intracellular support, used in cell movement,
moves organelles.
Gamete cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cells used for reproduction (sperm and
ovum). Replicate via meiosis.
Somatic cells - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All other cells in the body. Replicate via
mitosis.
Functions of the cell membrane - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Serves as a barrier
protecting the cell's inner content from the extracellular environment.
, Phospholipid bilayer - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The structure that makes up the cell
membrane.
Hydrophilic heads - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water 'loving' parts of the phospholipid
bilayer.
Hydrophobic tails - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water 'hating' parts of the phospholipid
bilayer.
Integral proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Found to travel the entire width of the
membrane touching both internal and external surfaces.
Channel proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allow ions to cross the membrane from
one side to another.
Carrier proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Transport specific substances from one
side of the plasma membrane to the other.
Receptor proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Recognize and bind to specific
molecules called ligands.
Cell Identity Markers - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allow the cell to be identified and
distinguished by the immune system.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
