BIOS 255 2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
SCRIPT COMPLETE ANSWER SET
◉Which organ secretes most of the hormone necessary for the
formation of new red blood cells (RBCs)?
Thymus
Spleen
Kidney
Heart
Red bone marrow. Answer: Kidney
◉Which of the following structures are found in the ventricles and
pull on the chordae tendinea upon contraction, preventing the AV
valves from flipping?
Trabeculae carneae
Pectinate muscles
Myocardium
Papillary muscles. Answer: Papillary muscles
,◉De-oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the systemic
circulation will empty into the right atrium via which blood vessels?
Select all that apply.
Pulmonary trunk
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins. Answer: Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
◉Which of the following structures prevents the backflow of blood
from the aorta into the left ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve. Answer: Aortic valve
◉Which component of the cardiac conduction system is known as
the heart's natural pacemaker?
AV node
, AV Bundle of His
SA node
Purkinje Fibers. Answer: SA node
◉Using the following volumes, calculate the client's cardiac output.
Heart Rate: 70 bpm End diastolic volume: 120 ml End systolic
volume: 40 ml Systolic pressure: 124 mmHg Diastolic pressure: 84
mmHg
2.8 L/min
8.4 L/min
5.8 L/min
5.6 L/min. Answer: 5.6 L/min
◉ pts
Which valves are open when the heart is in ventricular systole?
Select all that apply.
Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
SCRIPT COMPLETE ANSWER SET
◉Which organ secretes most of the hormone necessary for the
formation of new red blood cells (RBCs)?
Thymus
Spleen
Kidney
Heart
Red bone marrow. Answer: Kidney
◉Which of the following structures are found in the ventricles and
pull on the chordae tendinea upon contraction, preventing the AV
valves from flipping?
Trabeculae carneae
Pectinate muscles
Myocardium
Papillary muscles. Answer: Papillary muscles
,◉De-oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the systemic
circulation will empty into the right atrium via which blood vessels?
Select all that apply.
Pulmonary trunk
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins. Answer: Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
◉Which of the following structures prevents the backflow of blood
from the aorta into the left ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve. Answer: Aortic valve
◉Which component of the cardiac conduction system is known as
the heart's natural pacemaker?
AV node
, AV Bundle of His
SA node
Purkinje Fibers. Answer: SA node
◉Using the following volumes, calculate the client's cardiac output.
Heart Rate: 70 bpm End diastolic volume: 120 ml End systolic
volume: 40 ml Systolic pressure: 124 mmHg Diastolic pressure: 84
mmHg
2.8 L/min
8.4 L/min
5.8 L/min
5.6 L/min. Answer: 5.6 L/min
◉ pts
Which valves are open when the heart is in ventricular systole?
Select all that apply.
Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
