BIOD 331 NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MODULE 9 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What does the hypothalamus do?.
Answer: Releases stimulating hormones that control the pituitary and
maintain homeostasis.
◍ Electrolyte pattern in Addison's..
Answer: Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hypotension
◍ Major diabetic complications..
Answer: Microvascular: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy -
Macrovascular: CAD, stroke, PVD
◍ What is negative feedback? Example?.
Answer: Hormone suppresses its own production. - ↑ T3/T4 → ↓ TSH.
◍ The progress notes read: the cerebellar tonsil has shifted through the
foramen magnum due to increased pressure within the posterior fossa. The
nurse would identify this note as a description of _____ herniation..
Answer: A)Infratentorial Supratentorial Cingulated gyrus Central
◍ A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and
proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein.
The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:.
Answer: Renal calculi Cystitis C)Acute glomerulonephritis Chronic
pyelonephritis
◍ Give an example of negative feedback..
Answer: High T3/T4 suppress TSH and TRH.
◍ Diagnostic criteria for DKA..
, Answer: Glucose > 250, pH < 7.3, low bicarbonate, ketones present.
◍ Classic signs of Cushing syndrome..
Answer: Moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity, purple striae,
hypertension, hyperglycemia.
◍ A 15-year-old female scrapes her knee while playing soccer and complains
of sharp and well-localized pain. Which of the following should the nurse
document to most accurately characterize her pain?.
Answer: Chronic pain Referred pain Visceral pain D)Somatic pain
◍ In adrenal tumor-caused Cushing syndrome, what happens to ACTH?.
Answer: Decreased.
◍ Which type is associated with DKA?.
Answer: Type 1.
◍ Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine..
Answer: Endocrine = distant via bloodstream Paracrine = nearby cells
Autocrine = same cell
◍ Unique signs of Graves disease..
Answer: Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, diffuse goiter.
◍ A patient wants to know why ADH is important in the body. What is the
nurse's best response? ADH is important in:.
Answer: Follicular maturation B)The body's water balance and urine
concentration Regulation of metabolic processes Maintaining electrolyte
levels and concentrations
◍ A 35-year-old female with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical
unit. While the nurse is reviewing the lab tests, which results would the
nurse expect to find?.
Answer: Low circulating levels of thyroid hormones Increased circulation of
iodine Ectopic secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D)High
levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating antibodies
◍ Triad of hyperglycemia symptoms..
MODULE 9 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What does the hypothalamus do?.
Answer: Releases stimulating hormones that control the pituitary and
maintain homeostasis.
◍ Electrolyte pattern in Addison's..
Answer: Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hypotension
◍ Major diabetic complications..
Answer: Microvascular: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy -
Macrovascular: CAD, stroke, PVD
◍ What is negative feedback? Example?.
Answer: Hormone suppresses its own production. - ↑ T3/T4 → ↓ TSH.
◍ The progress notes read: the cerebellar tonsil has shifted through the
foramen magnum due to increased pressure within the posterior fossa. The
nurse would identify this note as a description of _____ herniation..
Answer: A)Infratentorial Supratentorial Cingulated gyrus Central
◍ A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and
proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein.
The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:.
Answer: Renal calculi Cystitis C)Acute glomerulonephritis Chronic
pyelonephritis
◍ Give an example of negative feedback..
Answer: High T3/T4 suppress TSH and TRH.
◍ Diagnostic criteria for DKA..
, Answer: Glucose > 250, pH < 7.3, low bicarbonate, ketones present.
◍ Classic signs of Cushing syndrome..
Answer: Moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity, purple striae,
hypertension, hyperglycemia.
◍ A 15-year-old female scrapes her knee while playing soccer and complains
of sharp and well-localized pain. Which of the following should the nurse
document to most accurately characterize her pain?.
Answer: Chronic pain Referred pain Visceral pain D)Somatic pain
◍ In adrenal tumor-caused Cushing syndrome, what happens to ACTH?.
Answer: Decreased.
◍ Which type is associated with DKA?.
Answer: Type 1.
◍ Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine..
Answer: Endocrine = distant via bloodstream Paracrine = nearby cells
Autocrine = same cell
◍ Unique signs of Graves disease..
Answer: Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, diffuse goiter.
◍ A patient wants to know why ADH is important in the body. What is the
nurse's best response? ADH is important in:.
Answer: Follicular maturation B)The body's water balance and urine
concentration Regulation of metabolic processes Maintaining electrolyte
levels and concentrations
◍ A 35-year-old female with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical
unit. While the nurse is reviewing the lab tests, which results would the
nurse expect to find?.
Answer: Low circulating levels of thyroid hormones Increased circulation of
iodine Ectopic secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D)High
levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating antibodies
◍ Triad of hyperglycemia symptoms..
