, PRF3701 Assignment 1 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester
1 2026 – DUE March 2026; 100% Correct solutions and
explanations.
QUESTION 1
Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality
At this level, moral decisions are based on personal consequences such
as punishment and reward. It is common in children.
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Behaviour is guided by the desire to avoid punishment.
Rules are seen as fixed and must be obeyed without question.
Authority determines what is right or wrong.
Explanation:
A person believes an action is wrong only if it leads to punishment.
There is no deeper understanding of morality—just fear of
consequences.
Example:
A child does not steal because they are afraid of being punished.
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange (Self-Interest Orientation)
Behaviour is driven by self-interest and rewards.
Individuals recognise that others also have needs, but actions are
based on what benefits them.
Reciprocity is viewed as a fair exchange (“you help me, I help
you”).
1 2026 – DUE March 2026; 100% Correct solutions and
explanations.
QUESTION 1
Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality
At this level, moral decisions are based on personal consequences such
as punishment and reward. It is common in children.
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Behaviour is guided by the desire to avoid punishment.
Rules are seen as fixed and must be obeyed without question.
Authority determines what is right or wrong.
Explanation:
A person believes an action is wrong only if it leads to punishment.
There is no deeper understanding of morality—just fear of
consequences.
Example:
A child does not steal because they are afraid of being punished.
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange (Self-Interest Orientation)
Behaviour is driven by self-interest and rewards.
Individuals recognise that others also have needs, but actions are
based on what benefits them.
Reciprocity is viewed as a fair exchange (“you help me, I help
you”).
