YMCA MCQ Level 3 Personal Training
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
Frontal Plane -
correct answer ✅Divides the body into front and back sections,
anterior and posterior. Example, Abduction / Adduction
Sagittal Plane -
correct answer ✅Divides the body into left and right sections.
Example, Flexion/ Extension
Transverse Plane -
correct answer ✅Divides body into upper and lower parts.
Example, Rotation
Inversion / Eversion -
correct answer ✅Occur in foot. Inversion sole faces inward.
Eversion sole turns outward.
Opposition -
correct answer ✅Specific movement of touching thumb to fingers
Shoulder Girdle -
correct answer ✅Double set of two bones each side of the
,YMCA MCQ Level 3 Personal Training
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
body.The clavicles are slender and doubly curved long bones that
run horizontally across the upper chest and can be felt just below
the neck.
Each clavicle articulates at the top of the shoulder with the
acromion process of the scapula (acromioclavicular joint or AC
joint) in a gliding synovial joint and with the top end of the sternum
(the sternoclavicular joint) at the shoulder's front.
Upper arm and shoulder joint -
correct answer ✅The only bone in the upper arm is the humerus.
It fits into the glenoid cavity of the shoulder girdle.
The shoulder joint is quite shallow, giving a large range of
movement
The stability of the shoulder joint comes primarily from a small
group of muscles called the rotator cuff.
Lower arm, elbow and wrist -
correct answer ✅There are two long bones in the lower arm - the
radius and the ulna.
The ulna is slightly longer than the radius and has a much more
prominent proximal head called the olecranon process that can be
,YMCA MCQ Level 3 Personal Training
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
felt at the elbow joint.The radius and the ulna are connected to
each other by a synovial pivot joint, both at their proximal and
distal ends, called the radioulnar joints.
In contrast, it is the radius that is far more prominent at the wrist.
Hand -
correct answer ✅The hand is composed of 27 small bones. The
true wrist is composed of eight cuboid bones, the carpals, which
form gliding synovial joints, giving a large degree of flexibility to the
whole hand.
The carpals are roughly arranged in two rows and the two biggest
bones of the first row form the synovial joint with the radius. The
second row articulates with the five metacarpals that radiate out to
form the palm.
The four fingers (or phalanges) are composed of three bony
segments, articulating with each other via synovial hinge joints.
The thumb, however, has only two segments. The articulation
between the thumb and the first metacarpal is a synovial saddle
joint
Pelvic Girdle -
correct answer ✅The pelvic girdle transmits the whole weight of
, YMCA MCQ Level 3 Personal Training
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
the upper body down through the legs to the ground. It also plays a
major role in ensuring the correct alignment of the spine (the
neutral spine position). Unlike the pectoral girdle, it needs to be
strong, stable and resistant to large ranges of movement. It is
composed of two bones on each side. These bones are themselves
made from three separate bones: the ilium, ischium and pubic
bones, which fuse together indistinguishably, in adulthood.
Pelvic Girdle 2 -
correct answer ✅The pubic bones are joined together anteriorly
by a cartilaginous disc, the pubis symphysis, which completes the
pelvic bowl. This pad of cartilage between the two joint surfaces
plays an important role in the stability of the pelvis. Stability is also
dependent on ligaments, which are affected by the correct
alignment of the Sacroiliac (SI) joints. The pubis symphysis has a
normal separation of 3-4mm, which can increase up to as much as
9mm in pregnancy due to the hormone relaxin.
The effect of relaxin on the SI joints and pubis symphysis often
leads them to become a source of discomfort. Any movement or
pain is often diagnosed as pubis symphysis disorder (PSD).
However, extreme separation is called diastasis symphysis pubis
and needs to be specifically diagnosed by a medical practitioner.
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
Frontal Plane -
correct answer ✅Divides the body into front and back sections,
anterior and posterior. Example, Abduction / Adduction
Sagittal Plane -
correct answer ✅Divides the body into left and right sections.
Example, Flexion/ Extension
Transverse Plane -
correct answer ✅Divides body into upper and lower parts.
Example, Rotation
Inversion / Eversion -
correct answer ✅Occur in foot. Inversion sole faces inward.
Eversion sole turns outward.
Opposition -
correct answer ✅Specific movement of touching thumb to fingers
Shoulder Girdle -
correct answer ✅Double set of two bones each side of the
,YMCA MCQ Level 3 Personal Training
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
body.The clavicles are slender and doubly curved long bones that
run horizontally across the upper chest and can be felt just below
the neck.
Each clavicle articulates at the top of the shoulder with the
acromion process of the scapula (acromioclavicular joint or AC
joint) in a gliding synovial joint and with the top end of the sternum
(the sternoclavicular joint) at the shoulder's front.
Upper arm and shoulder joint -
correct answer ✅The only bone in the upper arm is the humerus.
It fits into the glenoid cavity of the shoulder girdle.
The shoulder joint is quite shallow, giving a large range of
movement
The stability of the shoulder joint comes primarily from a small
group of muscles called the rotator cuff.
Lower arm, elbow and wrist -
correct answer ✅There are two long bones in the lower arm - the
radius and the ulna.
The ulna is slightly longer than the radius and has a much more
prominent proximal head called the olecranon process that can be
,YMCA MCQ Level 3 Personal Training
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
felt at the elbow joint.The radius and the ulna are connected to
each other by a synovial pivot joint, both at their proximal and
distal ends, called the radioulnar joints.
In contrast, it is the radius that is far more prominent at the wrist.
Hand -
correct answer ✅The hand is composed of 27 small bones. The
true wrist is composed of eight cuboid bones, the carpals, which
form gliding synovial joints, giving a large degree of flexibility to the
whole hand.
The carpals are roughly arranged in two rows and the two biggest
bones of the first row form the synovial joint with the radius. The
second row articulates with the five metacarpals that radiate out to
form the palm.
The four fingers (or phalanges) are composed of three bony
segments, articulating with each other via synovial hinge joints.
The thumb, however, has only two segments. The articulation
between the thumb and the first metacarpal is a synovial saddle
joint
Pelvic Girdle -
correct answer ✅The pelvic girdle transmits the whole weight of
, YMCA MCQ Level 3 Personal Training
Anatomy and Physiology Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
the upper body down through the legs to the ground. It also plays a
major role in ensuring the correct alignment of the spine (the
neutral spine position). Unlike the pectoral girdle, it needs to be
strong, stable and resistant to large ranges of movement. It is
composed of two bones on each side. These bones are themselves
made from three separate bones: the ilium, ischium and pubic
bones, which fuse together indistinguishably, in adulthood.
Pelvic Girdle 2 -
correct answer ✅The pubic bones are joined together anteriorly
by a cartilaginous disc, the pubis symphysis, which completes the
pelvic bowl. This pad of cartilage between the two joint surfaces
plays an important role in the stability of the pelvis. Stability is also
dependent on ligaments, which are affected by the correct
alignment of the Sacroiliac (SI) joints. The pubis symphysis has a
normal separation of 3-4mm, which can increase up to as much as
9mm in pregnancy due to the hormone relaxin.
The effect of relaxin on the SI joints and pubis symphysis often
leads them to become a source of discomfort. Any movement or
pain is often diagnosed as pubis symphysis disorder (PSD).
However, extreme separation is called diastasis symphysis pubis
and needs to be specifically diagnosed by a medical practitioner.
