ICLA STANDARD 1 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Accuracy. Answer: This is the ability to recognize or decode words correctly
● Affix. Answer: Most commonly a suffix or prefix attached to a base word, stem, or root.
● aliteracy. Answer: Students who can read fairly well but choose not to
● alliteration. Answer: The occurrence in a phrase or line of speech of two or more words
having
● alphabetic principle. Answer: 1. The principle that letters are used to represent individual
phonemes in the spoken word.
● analogy phonics. Answer: In this approach, students learn how to use a phonogram, or
rime, in a familiar word to identify an unfamiliar word having the same rime.
● analytic phonics. Answer: Word study that divides words into their elemental parts through
phonemic, orthographic, and morphological analysis.
● automaticity. Answer: Refers to the speed and accuracy of word recognition and spelling.
Automaticity is the goal of word study instruction and frees cognitive resources for
comprehension.
● base word. Answer: A word to which prefixes and/or suffixes are added. For example, the
base word of unwholesome is whole.
● blends. Answer: A phonics term for an orthographic unit of two or three letters at the
beginning or end of words that are blended together. There are l-blends
● bound morpheme. Answer: Meaning units of the language (morphemes) that cannot stand
alone as a word. Respected has three bound morphemes: re+spect+ed.
● choral reading. Answer: Oral reading done in unison with another person or persons
● closed sort. Answer: Word or picture sort based on predetermined categories.
● closed syllable. Answer: 1. A syllable that ends with or is "closed" by a consonant sound
(Bear et al.,
, ● cognates. Answer: Words in different languages derived from the same root
● compound word. Answer: Words made up of two or more smaller words. A compound
word may or may not be hyphenated, depending on its part of speech
● (CAP). Answer: Understandings about how books are organized (front-to-back
page-turning, titles, illustrations), how print is oriented on the page (top to bottom, left to right),
and features of print such as punctuation and capitalizations
● consonant. Answer: Letters that are not vowels (a, e, i, o, u). Whereas vowel sounds are
thought of as musical, consonant sounds are known for their noise and the way in which air is
constricted as it is stopped and released or forced through the vocal tract, mouth, teeth, and
lips.
● consonant -le (syllable pattern). Answer: A final, separate syllable containing a
consonant followed by the letters -le, pronounced /■l/
● decoding. Answer: Ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by employing
knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences; also the act of deciphering a new word by
sounding it out.
● derivational affix. Answer: Affixes added to base words that affect the meaning (e.g., sign
-> resign;
● break. Answer: breakable) and/or the part of speech
● developmental spelling (aka invented spelling). Answer: Spelling that reflects the
current word knowledge of students who "spell" as best they can based on what they know
about the graphophonic structure of language
● dialogic reading. Answer: An approach to reading aloud that is designed to stimulate oral
reading and dialogue while enhancing students' ability to retell stories
● Digraph. Answer: Two letters that represent one sound. There are consonant digraphs and
vowel digraphs, though the term most commonly refers to consonant digraphs. Common
consonant digraphs include sh, ch, th, wh, and ph. Consonant digraphs at the beginning of
words are onsets. Common vowel digraphs include oa, aw, and oo.
● Diphthong. Answer: A complex speech sound combining two vowel sounds into one vowel
sound. The mouth moves while pronouncing the dual-vowel sound. Common diphthongs are
oi, oy, ou, and ow (as in brown).
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Accuracy. Answer: This is the ability to recognize or decode words correctly
● Affix. Answer: Most commonly a suffix or prefix attached to a base word, stem, or root.
● aliteracy. Answer: Students who can read fairly well but choose not to
● alliteration. Answer: The occurrence in a phrase or line of speech of two or more words
having
● alphabetic principle. Answer: 1. The principle that letters are used to represent individual
phonemes in the spoken word.
● analogy phonics. Answer: In this approach, students learn how to use a phonogram, or
rime, in a familiar word to identify an unfamiliar word having the same rime.
● analytic phonics. Answer: Word study that divides words into their elemental parts through
phonemic, orthographic, and morphological analysis.
● automaticity. Answer: Refers to the speed and accuracy of word recognition and spelling.
Automaticity is the goal of word study instruction and frees cognitive resources for
comprehension.
● base word. Answer: A word to which prefixes and/or suffixes are added. For example, the
base word of unwholesome is whole.
● blends. Answer: A phonics term for an orthographic unit of two or three letters at the
beginning or end of words that are blended together. There are l-blends
● bound morpheme. Answer: Meaning units of the language (morphemes) that cannot stand
alone as a word. Respected has three bound morphemes: re+spect+ed.
● choral reading. Answer: Oral reading done in unison with another person or persons
● closed sort. Answer: Word or picture sort based on predetermined categories.
● closed syllable. Answer: 1. A syllable that ends with or is "closed" by a consonant sound
(Bear et al.,
, ● cognates. Answer: Words in different languages derived from the same root
● compound word. Answer: Words made up of two or more smaller words. A compound
word may or may not be hyphenated, depending on its part of speech
● (CAP). Answer: Understandings about how books are organized (front-to-back
page-turning, titles, illustrations), how print is oriented on the page (top to bottom, left to right),
and features of print such as punctuation and capitalizations
● consonant. Answer: Letters that are not vowels (a, e, i, o, u). Whereas vowel sounds are
thought of as musical, consonant sounds are known for their noise and the way in which air is
constricted as it is stopped and released or forced through the vocal tract, mouth, teeth, and
lips.
● consonant -le (syllable pattern). Answer: A final, separate syllable containing a
consonant followed by the letters -le, pronounced /■l/
● decoding. Answer: Ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by employing
knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences; also the act of deciphering a new word by
sounding it out.
● derivational affix. Answer: Affixes added to base words that affect the meaning (e.g., sign
-> resign;
● break. Answer: breakable) and/or the part of speech
● developmental spelling (aka invented spelling). Answer: Spelling that reflects the
current word knowledge of students who "spell" as best they can based on what they know
about the graphophonic structure of language
● dialogic reading. Answer: An approach to reading aloud that is designed to stimulate oral
reading and dialogue while enhancing students' ability to retell stories
● Digraph. Answer: Two letters that represent one sound. There are consonant digraphs and
vowel digraphs, though the term most commonly refers to consonant digraphs. Common
consonant digraphs include sh, ch, th, wh, and ph. Consonant digraphs at the beginning of
words are onsets. Common vowel digraphs include oa, aw, and oo.
● Diphthong. Answer: A complex speech sound combining two vowel sounds into one vowel
sound. The mouth moves while pronouncing the dual-vowel sound. Common diphthongs are
oi, oy, ou, and ow (as in brown).
