PSYCH 121 FINAL EXAM VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY
GUIDE
What is Psychology - Answers - Study of behavior and mental processes
Scientific Method - Answers - 1. Perceive
2. Hypothesize
3. Test
4. Draw Conclusions
5. Report, Revise, replicate
Correlation - Answers - A measure of the relationship between two vaariables
Positive Correlation - Answers - Variables related in same direction
Negative Correlation - Answers - Variables related in opposite directions
psycho-dynamic perspective - Answers - unconscious, conscious ego
Behavioral - Answers - learning and conditioning
Humanistic Perspective - Answers - Free will, Self actulization
Cognitive Perspective - Answers - Think, problem solving
Sociocultural Perspective - Answers - Cultural and social
Biopsychological - Answers - Brain, neuron, neuron transmitter
Evolutionary Perspective - Answers - Survival
Independent Variable - Answers - Variable that is manipulated
Dependent Variable - Answers - response to manipulation of the independent variable
Experimental groups - Answers - group that receives the experimental manipulation
Control group - Answers - Did not receive the experimental manipulation
Placebo effect - Answers -
Experimenter effect - Answers - Observer biased
Single Blind Participants - Answers - unaware of the treatment received
,Double Blind - Answers - neither participant nor researcher know what treatment was
given
Cause and effect - Answers - Correlation does not tell cause
Social Influence - Answers - how a person's behavior, thoughts and feelings are
influence and are influenced by social group
Conformity - Answers - Change one's own behavior behavior to match that of other
people
Compliance - Answers - Change behavior as a result of someone asking you to
Obedience - Answers - changing one's own behavior at the direct order of authority
Foot in the door - Answers - Small request as opener then more added to
door in the face - Answers - Large request comes first which is usually denied followed
by a smaller request that usually gets compliance
Low-ball technique - Answers - once commitment is made, the cost of commitment
increases
(water plants- take care of dog)
That's not all - Answers -
Milgram studies - Answers - Shock research
Evaluation
* obey or disobey authority
4% were thought but 65% went all the way
Social cognition - Answers - attitudes , impression formation and attribution
attitudes - Answers - tendency to respond positively or negatively to a certain idea,
person, object or situation
Developed through experiences
ABC model of attitudes - Answers - made of three components
Affect- emotions or feelings
, I like
Behavior- action that a person takes in regard to the person object or situation
I download
Cognitive- way a person thinks about the person, object or situation(thoughts)
I think
Dispositional - Answers - Blame others like he is a careless driver, he never watches
out for other cars
Situaltional - Answers - He probably got caught in some bad traffic and that's why he is
late
Fundamental Attribution Error - Answers - Overestimate another's internal characteristic
and underestimate external influence situation
Actor Observer Bias - Answers - a tendency to attribute one's own actions to extrernal
causes, while attributing other people's behaviors to internal causes
Strong attitudes predict behavior better than weak ones - Answers -
Cognitive dissonance - Answers - When attitudes and behavior clash
Find yourself doing things that don't match their idea of themselves as smart, nice or
moral
Reduce Cognitive Dissonance - Answers - 1. Change conflicting behavior to make it
match their attitude
2.Change their current conflicting cognition to justify their behavior
3. Form cog. to justify their behaviors
Social categorization - Answers - occurs when people meet someone new is the
assignment of that person to same kind of category
Stereotypes - Answers - set of characteristics that people believe is shared by all
member of a particular social category
Impression Formation - Answers - forming of the first knowledge a person has about
another person
GUIDE
What is Psychology - Answers - Study of behavior and mental processes
Scientific Method - Answers - 1. Perceive
2. Hypothesize
3. Test
4. Draw Conclusions
5. Report, Revise, replicate
Correlation - Answers - A measure of the relationship between two vaariables
Positive Correlation - Answers - Variables related in same direction
Negative Correlation - Answers - Variables related in opposite directions
psycho-dynamic perspective - Answers - unconscious, conscious ego
Behavioral - Answers - learning and conditioning
Humanistic Perspective - Answers - Free will, Self actulization
Cognitive Perspective - Answers - Think, problem solving
Sociocultural Perspective - Answers - Cultural and social
Biopsychological - Answers - Brain, neuron, neuron transmitter
Evolutionary Perspective - Answers - Survival
Independent Variable - Answers - Variable that is manipulated
Dependent Variable - Answers - response to manipulation of the independent variable
Experimental groups - Answers - group that receives the experimental manipulation
Control group - Answers - Did not receive the experimental manipulation
Placebo effect - Answers -
Experimenter effect - Answers - Observer biased
Single Blind Participants - Answers - unaware of the treatment received
,Double Blind - Answers - neither participant nor researcher know what treatment was
given
Cause and effect - Answers - Correlation does not tell cause
Social Influence - Answers - how a person's behavior, thoughts and feelings are
influence and are influenced by social group
Conformity - Answers - Change one's own behavior behavior to match that of other
people
Compliance - Answers - Change behavior as a result of someone asking you to
Obedience - Answers - changing one's own behavior at the direct order of authority
Foot in the door - Answers - Small request as opener then more added to
door in the face - Answers - Large request comes first which is usually denied followed
by a smaller request that usually gets compliance
Low-ball technique - Answers - once commitment is made, the cost of commitment
increases
(water plants- take care of dog)
That's not all - Answers -
Milgram studies - Answers - Shock research
Evaluation
* obey or disobey authority
4% were thought but 65% went all the way
Social cognition - Answers - attitudes , impression formation and attribution
attitudes - Answers - tendency to respond positively or negatively to a certain idea,
person, object or situation
Developed through experiences
ABC model of attitudes - Answers - made of three components
Affect- emotions or feelings
, I like
Behavior- action that a person takes in regard to the person object or situation
I download
Cognitive- way a person thinks about the person, object or situation(thoughts)
I think
Dispositional - Answers - Blame others like he is a careless driver, he never watches
out for other cars
Situaltional - Answers - He probably got caught in some bad traffic and that's why he is
late
Fundamental Attribution Error - Answers - Overestimate another's internal characteristic
and underestimate external influence situation
Actor Observer Bias - Answers - a tendency to attribute one's own actions to extrernal
causes, while attributing other people's behaviors to internal causes
Strong attitudes predict behavior better than weak ones - Answers -
Cognitive dissonance - Answers - When attitudes and behavior clash
Find yourself doing things that don't match their idea of themselves as smart, nice or
moral
Reduce Cognitive Dissonance - Answers - 1. Change conflicting behavior to make it
match their attitude
2.Change their current conflicting cognition to justify their behavior
3. Form cog. to justify their behaviors
Social categorization - Answers - occurs when people meet someone new is the
assignment of that person to same kind of category
Stereotypes - Answers - set of characteristics that people believe is shared by all
member of a particular social category
Impression Formation - Answers - forming of the first knowledge a person has about
another person
