NEURO Week 3 Exam with Verified
Detailed Answers
What is cerebrovascular disease and what are the 2 different forms
of stroke? What is a stroke? -
correct answer ✅• Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) is the 3rd
largest cause of death
• Different forms of stroke:
- Embolitic
- Haemorrhagic
• Cerebral blood flow is also affected by trauma, infections etc
• Problems with cerebral blood flow can quickly have serious
consequences
• Stroke = cerebrovascular accident defined as the interruption of
blood flow to the brain or brainstem lasting >24 hours
Why do most strokes originate in the Middle Cerebral Artery
(MCA)? -
correct answer ✅- Largest cerebral artery
- Large vessel strokes are usually embolic
- Large amounts of blood flow through internal carotid (ICA)- MCA
is quite large and more direct of the ICA than the ACE - embolitic
material more likely to go into MCA - more strokes occur
,NEURO Week 3 Exam with Verified
Detailed Answers
What percentage of total body mass does the brain make up and
how much of the total cardiac output does it receive? What
happens if there is 10-12 seconds or 3-5 seconds of blood
deprivation to the brain?
What are the 2 main arterial systems important in supplying blood
to the brain? -
correct answer ✅• The brain makes up 2% of total body mass, but
receives 15-20% of the total cardiac output
• Neurons have large energy requirements
• 10 to 12s of deprivation loss of consciousness
• 3 to 5 minutes of deprivation irreparable damage/death
• Neurons in particular require the most energy
• The vertebral and carotid arterial systems are important in
supplying blood to the brain
Where does the brachiocephalic artery come from and what 2
branches does it divide into? What are the branches of these
branches? -
correct answer ✅• Aorta gives off brachiocephalic artery on its
arch (first branch of aorta)
,NEURO Week 3 Exam with Verified
Detailed Answers
- Brachiocephalic a. - heads towards right hand side of body and
divides into right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
o Common carotid a.
- Internal carotid
- External carotid
• Right common carotid very important - supplies many parts of the
head and neck
• Vertebral artery comes off the subclavian artery
• On left side - the left common carotid and left subclavian come
DIRECTLY off the arch of the aorta
Does the internal carotid artery give off any branches in the neck? -
correct answer ✅• There are no branches in the neck - will have a
number of branches once it enters the skull
Where is the internal carotid artery located, what canal does it pass
through and what artery did it originate from? -
correct answer ✅• Passes superiorly in the neck
• Enters the carotid canal & passes anteriorly & medially
• In skull it lies lateral to optic chiasm
• No branches until in skull
, NEURO Week 3 Exam with Verified
Detailed Answers
• Common carotid same on both sides
- ascends up next in carotid sheath accompanied by internal jugular
vein and vagus nerve
- Divides to form external carotid a (has many branches) and
internal carotid artery
• Enters the carotid canal - canal positioned as such so it faces
medially and anteriorly
- when in skull, sits lateral to the optic chiasm
• IMAGE - Internal carotid artery passes through carotid canal, does
a U-turn next to the optic chiasm, then continues as the middle
cerebral artery
What are the 4 branches of the internal carotid arteries? -
correct answer ✅1. Anterior cerebral
2. Opthalmic
3. Middle cerebral
4. Posterior communicating
* Internal continues directly as the middle cerebral artery
Detailed Answers
What is cerebrovascular disease and what are the 2 different forms
of stroke? What is a stroke? -
correct answer ✅• Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) is the 3rd
largest cause of death
• Different forms of stroke:
- Embolitic
- Haemorrhagic
• Cerebral blood flow is also affected by trauma, infections etc
• Problems with cerebral blood flow can quickly have serious
consequences
• Stroke = cerebrovascular accident defined as the interruption of
blood flow to the brain or brainstem lasting >24 hours
Why do most strokes originate in the Middle Cerebral Artery
(MCA)? -
correct answer ✅- Largest cerebral artery
- Large vessel strokes are usually embolic
- Large amounts of blood flow through internal carotid (ICA)- MCA
is quite large and more direct of the ICA than the ACE - embolitic
material more likely to go into MCA - more strokes occur
,NEURO Week 3 Exam with Verified
Detailed Answers
What percentage of total body mass does the brain make up and
how much of the total cardiac output does it receive? What
happens if there is 10-12 seconds or 3-5 seconds of blood
deprivation to the brain?
What are the 2 main arterial systems important in supplying blood
to the brain? -
correct answer ✅• The brain makes up 2% of total body mass, but
receives 15-20% of the total cardiac output
• Neurons have large energy requirements
• 10 to 12s of deprivation loss of consciousness
• 3 to 5 minutes of deprivation irreparable damage/death
• Neurons in particular require the most energy
• The vertebral and carotid arterial systems are important in
supplying blood to the brain
Where does the brachiocephalic artery come from and what 2
branches does it divide into? What are the branches of these
branches? -
correct answer ✅• Aorta gives off brachiocephalic artery on its
arch (first branch of aorta)
,NEURO Week 3 Exam with Verified
Detailed Answers
- Brachiocephalic a. - heads towards right hand side of body and
divides into right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
o Common carotid a.
- Internal carotid
- External carotid
• Right common carotid very important - supplies many parts of the
head and neck
• Vertebral artery comes off the subclavian artery
• On left side - the left common carotid and left subclavian come
DIRECTLY off the arch of the aorta
Does the internal carotid artery give off any branches in the neck? -
correct answer ✅• There are no branches in the neck - will have a
number of branches once it enters the skull
Where is the internal carotid artery located, what canal does it pass
through and what artery did it originate from? -
correct answer ✅• Passes superiorly in the neck
• Enters the carotid canal & passes anteriorly & medially
• In skull it lies lateral to optic chiasm
• No branches until in skull
, NEURO Week 3 Exam with Verified
Detailed Answers
• Common carotid same on both sides
- ascends up next in carotid sheath accompanied by internal jugular
vein and vagus nerve
- Divides to form external carotid a (has many branches) and
internal carotid artery
• Enters the carotid canal - canal positioned as such so it faces
medially and anteriorly
- when in skull, sits lateral to the optic chiasm
• IMAGE - Internal carotid artery passes through carotid canal, does
a U-turn next to the optic chiasm, then continues as the middle
cerebral artery
What are the 4 branches of the internal carotid arteries? -
correct answer ✅1. Anterior cerebral
2. Opthalmic
3. Middle cerebral
4. Posterior communicating
* Internal continues directly as the middle cerebral artery
