Ace your PSY 2012 Introduction to Psychology Final Exam with this comprehensive study guide covering all the essential topics from the entire course. This complete resource provides clear definitions and explanations for over 70 key psychological concepts, organized in an easy-to-study Q&A format.
Perfect for University of South Florida (USF) students and anyone taking introductory psychology, this guide consolidates the most important material tested on the final exam. Master the foundational theories, research findings, and key terminology across all major areas of psychology. Key topics covered include:
Learning Theories: Understand the fundamental types of learning—instinct, classical conditioning, operant conditioning (Skinner), and observational learning (modeling). Master key processes including extinction, spontaneous recovery, and imitation.
Memory Systems: Explore the Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage model (sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory). Understand encoding, storage, retrieval, declarative (explicit) vs. nondeclarative (implicit) memory, autobiographical memory, procedural memory, and flashbulb memories. Learn about motivated forgetting.
Personality Theories: Dive into Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory (id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms). Master the Big Five theory of personality (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism—OCEAN). Understand temperament, projective tests (Rorschach inkblot), self-schema, personality inventories (MMPI), and locus of control (internal vs. external).
Social Psychology: Understand key concepts including just world belief, attitudes, stereotypes, discrimination, attribution theory (dispositional vs. situational attribution), and Sternberg's types of love (consummate love).
Abnormal Psychology: Master the definitions of abnormal psychology and comorbid disorders. Understand the key features, symptoms, and characteristics of major psychological disorders including Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations), Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (compulsions), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Personality Disorders, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder.
Therapy & Treatment: Learn about the major therapeutic approaches including counseling, group therapy, family therapy, free association (psychoanalysis), person-centered therapy (Carl Rogers), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Designed for efficient final exam preparation, this comprehensive study guide helps you quickly grasp and retain the essential concepts needed for success in PSY 2012. Ensure your mastery of introductory psychology and earn your best grade
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PSY 2012 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
1. Instinct - ANS.....- an inborn pattern of behavior elicited by environmental
stimuli also known as a fixed action pattern.
2. Learning - ANS.....- a relatively permanent change in behavior or the
capacity for behavior due to experience
3. Classical conditioning - ANS.....- a type of learning in which associations are
formed between two stimuli that occur sequentially in time
Mazwald
4. Operant conditioning - ANS.....- a type of learning in which association are
formed between behaviors and their outcomes
Skinner
5. Observational learning - ANS.....- learning that occurs when one organism
watches the actions of another organism also known as social leaning or
modeling
6. Extinction - ANS.....- the reduction of a learned response.
7. Spontaneous recovery - ANS.....- during extinction training, the response
reappearance of conditioned responses after periods of rest (reappearance
of CR following periods of rest between extinction training sessions)
, 8. Imitation - ANS.....- copying behavior that is unlikely to occur naturally and
spontaneously
9. Memory - ANS.....- the ability to retain knowledge
10.Encoding - ANS.....- the transformation of information from one form to
another
11.Storage - ANS.....- the retention of information
12.Retrieval - ANS.....- the recovery of stored information
13.Sensory memory - ANS.....- the first stage of the atkinson-shiffrin model
that holds large amounts of incoming data for brief amounts of time
14.Short-term memory - ANS.....- the second stage of the atkinson-shiffrin
model that holds a small amount of information for a limited time
15.Long-term memory - ANS.....- the final stage of the atkinson-shffrin model
that is the location of permanent memories
16.Declarative memory - ANS.....- a consciously retrieved memory that is easy
to verbalize, including semantic, episodes, and autobiographical
information also known as an explicit memory