ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM NUR 6501
WALDEN UNIVERSITY /
COMPLETE ACTUAL
EXAM / 150+
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS / 2025/2026
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, Certainly! Here are all the questions numbered with their correct answers indicated:
1. A 4-year-old child appears listless for the last week. He complains of pain when he is
picked up by his mother, and he is irritable when touching his arms or legs. Several large
ecchymotic lesions have appeared on his right thigh and left shoulder. A complete blood
count reveals a HgB=10.2, Hct=30.5%, MCV=96fL, platelet count of 45,000/ML, and WBC
count of 13,990/ML. Examination of the peripheral blood smear reveals numerous blasts.
The blasts lack peroxidase-positive granules but do contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive
aggregates and stain positively for TdT. Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be
CD19+, CD3-, and sIg-. What is the most likely diagnosis?
**Answer: A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)**
2. A 3-year-old child of Italian ancestry presents with failure to thrive. Physical examination
indicates hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration is 6 g/dL, and the peripheral
blood smear reveals severely hypochromic microcytic red cells. Total serum iron level is
normal. The reticulocyte count is 10%. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows very little
hemoglobin A. A radiograph of the skull shows maxillofacial deformities. What is the
principle cause of anemia and other abnormalities in this patient?
**Answer: B. Reduced red blood cell survival from imbalance in the production of alpha and
beta globin chains**
3. A 68-year-old previously healthy female has been feeling increasingly tired and weak for
several months. She states that she has had black, tarry stools for several weeks. She is
found to be anemic with a hemoglobin concentration of 9.3g/dL. The peripheral blood
smear reveals microcytic and hypochromic blood cells. Which of the following conditions
should be suspected as the most likely of her condition as indicated by the peripheral blood
smear?
**Answer: C. Gastrointestinal blood loss**
4. A 76-year-old female notices that small, pinpoint to blotchy areas of superficial
hemorrhage have appeared on her gums and on the skin of her arms and legs over several
weeks. She is found to have a normal prothrombin time(PT) and partial thromboplastin time
(PTT). Her CBC shows hemoglobin 12.7 g/dL, hematocrit 37.2%, MCV 80 fL, platelet count
276,000/microliter, and WBC 5600/microliter. Her bleeding time is 3 minutes. Her fibrinogen
level is normal, and there are no fibrin split products detectable. Which condition best
explains these findings?
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM NUR 6501
WALDEN UNIVERSITY /
COMPLETE ACTUAL
EXAM / 150+
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS / 2025/2026
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, Certainly! Here are all the questions numbered with their correct answers indicated:
1. A 4-year-old child appears listless for the last week. He complains of pain when he is
picked up by his mother, and he is irritable when touching his arms or legs. Several large
ecchymotic lesions have appeared on his right thigh and left shoulder. A complete blood
count reveals a HgB=10.2, Hct=30.5%, MCV=96fL, platelet count of 45,000/ML, and WBC
count of 13,990/ML. Examination of the peripheral blood smear reveals numerous blasts.
The blasts lack peroxidase-positive granules but do contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive
aggregates and stain positively for TdT. Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be
CD19+, CD3-, and sIg-. What is the most likely diagnosis?
**Answer: A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)**
2. A 3-year-old child of Italian ancestry presents with failure to thrive. Physical examination
indicates hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration is 6 g/dL, and the peripheral
blood smear reveals severely hypochromic microcytic red cells. Total serum iron level is
normal. The reticulocyte count is 10%. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows very little
hemoglobin A. A radiograph of the skull shows maxillofacial deformities. What is the
principle cause of anemia and other abnormalities in this patient?
**Answer: B. Reduced red blood cell survival from imbalance in the production of alpha and
beta globin chains**
3. A 68-year-old previously healthy female has been feeling increasingly tired and weak for
several months. She states that she has had black, tarry stools for several weeks. She is
found to be anemic with a hemoglobin concentration of 9.3g/dL. The peripheral blood
smear reveals microcytic and hypochromic blood cells. Which of the following conditions
should be suspected as the most likely of her condition as indicated by the peripheral blood
smear?
**Answer: C. Gastrointestinal blood loss**
4. A 76-year-old female notices that small, pinpoint to blotchy areas of superficial
hemorrhage have appeared on her gums and on the skin of her arms and legs over several
weeks. She is found to have a normal prothrombin time(PT) and partial thromboplastin time
(PTT). Her CBC shows hemoglobin 12.7 g/dL, hematocrit 37.2%, MCV 80 fL, platelet count
276,000/microliter, and WBC 5600/microliter. Her bleeding time is 3 minutes. Her fibrinogen
level is normal, and there are no fibrin split products detectable. Which condition best
explains these findings?
