NU 578 Unit 1--#2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d2uwmf
1. Full term: 36-40 weeks gestation
2. Ganglionic blocking agents: Interrupt impulse transmission through ganglia of the autonomic nervous
system. They do this by competing with Ach for binding to nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia.
3. Generic name: Assigned by US Adopted Names Council. -each drug has only ONE -aka nonproprietary name
or US Adopted Name
4. Glomerular filtration: Moves drugs from the blood into the tubular urine within the glomerulus of the
Bowman's capsule.
5. Half life: The time it takes for a drug to be 50% of its original concentration in the body. The time required for
the amount of dug in the body to decrease by 50%.
6. Hepatic metabolism: Is low in newborns.
7. Hepatic microsomal enzyme system: a.k.a. P450 system which an enzyme system consisting of 12
closely enzyme families in the liver involved with metabolizing drugs. Cyochrome P450 is a key component of the system.
These enzymes are capable of catalyzing a wide variety of reactions using drugs as substrate.
8. Hepatotoxic drugs: Drugs that cause injury to the liver. Patients taking these should have liver function tests
to check liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, formerly known as SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT,
formerly known as SGPT).
9. Iatrogenic disease: A disease produced by drugs.
10. Idiosyncratic effect: An uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition.
11. Inactivation: Drug metabolism can convert pharmacologically active compounds to inactive forms.
12. Induction: The process of stimulating liver enzyme synthesis to increase the drug-metabolizing capacity of the
liver.
13. Infants: weeks 5-52
14. Intramuscular administration: Absorption pattern: rapidly or slowly depending on the water solu-
bility of the drug and blood flow to the site
15. Advantages to IM administration: Administration of poorly soluble drugs, administration of depot
preparations which absorb slowly.
16. Barriers to IM administration: capillary walls
17. Disadvantages to IM administration: Discomfort and inconvenience, can't be used on patients
on anticoagulant therapy.
18. IM administration: Slow & erratic in neonates, rapid in infants.
19. IV adminstration: Absorption pattern: instantaneous and complete
1/8
, NU 578 Unit 1--#2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d2uwmf
20. Advantages to IV adminstration: Rapid onset and precise control of drug levels in blood, ability to
use large fluid volumes, ability to administer drugs that would irritate tissues.
21. Barriers to IV administration: None since it is going directly into the bloodstream
22. Disadvantages to IV administration: High cost, difficulty, inconvenience, irreversible therefore
dangerous, fluid overload, infection, embolism. Can't take it back from body, inconvenient, difficult, costly, risk of
overload, infection, embolism.
23. IV administration: Faster, more complete, precise dosage control, better for large volumes, avoids GI
distruction.
24. Ion trapping or pH partitioning: The process whereby a drug accumulates on the side of a
membrane where the pH most favors its ionization.
25. Ion trapping: When a membrane separates an acid and a base and the molecules that ionize in each medium
build up.
26. Ionization: The process of an acid giving up a proton or a base accepting a proton which converts them into
a charged particle (ion).
27. Ionize: To become charged.
28. Ionized: It means either an acid donated a proton or a base accepted a proton
29. Ions: Molecules that have a net electrical charge (either positive or negative). Except for very small molecules,
ions are not able to cross.
30. Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors: These are highly toxic and primarily used as insecticides.
All contain an atom of phosphorus and are highly lipid soluble. They are readily absorbed from all routes of administra-
tion. Potential agents of chemical warfare. Once absorbed they have ready access to all tissues and organs, including
the CNS.
31. Ways of Kidney excretion: Glomerular filtration, passive tubular reabsorption, active tubular secretion.
32. Lipid solubility and drug absorption: Lipid soluble drugs can readily cross the membranes that
separate them from the blood.
33. Lipid soluble: Drugs that move by passing directly through a membrane must be lipophilic.
34. Loading dose and maintenance dose: When plateau must be achieved quickly, a large initial
loading dose can be administered. After high drug levels have been established with a loading dose, plateau can be
maintained b giving smaller doses.
35. Malignant hyperthermia: A rare and potentially fatal condition that can be triggered by succinylcholine
and by all inhalation anesthetics as well. The condition is characterized by muscle rigidity associated with a profound
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d2uwmf
1. Full term: 36-40 weeks gestation
2. Ganglionic blocking agents: Interrupt impulse transmission through ganglia of the autonomic nervous
system. They do this by competing with Ach for binding to nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia.
3. Generic name: Assigned by US Adopted Names Council. -each drug has only ONE -aka nonproprietary name
or US Adopted Name
4. Glomerular filtration: Moves drugs from the blood into the tubular urine within the glomerulus of the
Bowman's capsule.
5. Half life: The time it takes for a drug to be 50% of its original concentration in the body. The time required for
the amount of dug in the body to decrease by 50%.
6. Hepatic metabolism: Is low in newborns.
7. Hepatic microsomal enzyme system: a.k.a. P450 system which an enzyme system consisting of 12
closely enzyme families in the liver involved with metabolizing drugs. Cyochrome P450 is a key component of the system.
These enzymes are capable of catalyzing a wide variety of reactions using drugs as substrate.
8. Hepatotoxic drugs: Drugs that cause injury to the liver. Patients taking these should have liver function tests
to check liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, formerly known as SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT,
formerly known as SGPT).
9. Iatrogenic disease: A disease produced by drugs.
10. Idiosyncratic effect: An uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition.
11. Inactivation: Drug metabolism can convert pharmacologically active compounds to inactive forms.
12. Induction: The process of stimulating liver enzyme synthesis to increase the drug-metabolizing capacity of the
liver.
13. Infants: weeks 5-52
14. Intramuscular administration: Absorption pattern: rapidly or slowly depending on the water solu-
bility of the drug and blood flow to the site
15. Advantages to IM administration: Administration of poorly soluble drugs, administration of depot
preparations which absorb slowly.
16. Barriers to IM administration: capillary walls
17. Disadvantages to IM administration: Discomfort and inconvenience, can't be used on patients
on anticoagulant therapy.
18. IM administration: Slow & erratic in neonates, rapid in infants.
19. IV adminstration: Absorption pattern: instantaneous and complete
1/8
, NU 578 Unit 1--#2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d2uwmf
20. Advantages to IV adminstration: Rapid onset and precise control of drug levels in blood, ability to
use large fluid volumes, ability to administer drugs that would irritate tissues.
21. Barriers to IV administration: None since it is going directly into the bloodstream
22. Disadvantages to IV administration: High cost, difficulty, inconvenience, irreversible therefore
dangerous, fluid overload, infection, embolism. Can't take it back from body, inconvenient, difficult, costly, risk of
overload, infection, embolism.
23. IV administration: Faster, more complete, precise dosage control, better for large volumes, avoids GI
distruction.
24. Ion trapping or pH partitioning: The process whereby a drug accumulates on the side of a
membrane where the pH most favors its ionization.
25. Ion trapping: When a membrane separates an acid and a base and the molecules that ionize in each medium
build up.
26. Ionization: The process of an acid giving up a proton or a base accepting a proton which converts them into
a charged particle (ion).
27. Ionize: To become charged.
28. Ionized: It means either an acid donated a proton or a base accepted a proton
29. Ions: Molecules that have a net electrical charge (either positive or negative). Except for very small molecules,
ions are not able to cross.
30. Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors: These are highly toxic and primarily used as insecticides.
All contain an atom of phosphorus and are highly lipid soluble. They are readily absorbed from all routes of administra-
tion. Potential agents of chemical warfare. Once absorbed they have ready access to all tissues and organs, including
the CNS.
31. Ways of Kidney excretion: Glomerular filtration, passive tubular reabsorption, active tubular secretion.
32. Lipid solubility and drug absorption: Lipid soluble drugs can readily cross the membranes that
separate them from the blood.
33. Lipid soluble: Drugs that move by passing directly through a membrane must be lipophilic.
34. Loading dose and maintenance dose: When plateau must be achieved quickly, a large initial
loading dose can be administered. After high drug levels have been established with a loading dose, plateau can be
maintained b giving smaller doses.
35. Malignant hyperthermia: A rare and potentially fatal condition that can be triggered by succinylcholine
and by all inhalation anesthetics as well. The condition is characterized by muscle rigidity associated with a profound
2/8
