FINAL EXAM NUR150 2026 FINAL ASSESSMENT
TESTED CONTENT WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
◉ hypertensive crisis. Answer: Hypertensive emergency
•Target organ damage
•Requires hospitalization
•Untreated = 79% mortality in one year
•IV drugs: slow titration; MAP 110 to 115 mm Hg
•Drugs have rapid onset; Monitor HR and BP q. 2 to 3 minutes
•Special considerations: Aortic dissection, acute ischemic stroke,
poststroke patients
•Bed rest for those on IV drugs
Hypertensive urgency—more common
•No evidence of target organ disease
•Hospitalization is usually not required
•Associated with chronic stable disorders
◉ diagnostic tests for hypertension. Answer: 1. Repeated
measurement of blood pressure
,2.EKG, urinalysis, glucose measurement to exclude concomitant
diabetes, cholesterol screening
3. lipid profile for atherosclerosis
4. serum electrolytes for hyperaldosteronism check
◉ HTN drug therapy. Answer: - diuretics
- b. blockers (olols)
- A-11 recptor blockers ( sartan)
- calcium channel blockers (pines)
-ACE inhibitors (prils)
*before meds get BP
◉ Beta blockers. Answer: vasodilators, reduce HR, block beta-
adrenergic receptors and effects, reduce systemic vascular
resistance
◉ ACE inhibitors. Answer: Prevent the synthesis of angiotensin II, a
potent vasoconstrictor; used to treat hypertension, heart failure and
kidney disease
-do not use with k sparing
-dry hacking cough-change to arb
-hold for renal failure
,◉ A-II receptor blocks. Answer: prevent angiotensin II from binding
to receptors in blood vessel walls
-sartans
-3-6 weeks to reduce BP
-hold if renal failure
◉ Metoprolol. Answer: beta blocker
-orthostatic hypotension
-less effective african american
-bradycardia, breathing problems (not for asthma/copd, bad for HF,
blood sugar masking)
◉ Direct Vasodilators. Answer: acute
Nitro
-max 3 dose
-q5min
chronic
isosorbide monitrate (imdur)/isosorbide dinitrate (isordil
-ER
-requires 12 hr nitrate free interval
, SE: HA, flushing, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
◉ Calcium Channel Blockers. Answer: pine
calcium can't enter muscle cells to cause vasodilation and decrease
bp
-no grapefruit juice
-SE: HA and lower extremity swelling
◉ Hypertensive crisis treatment. Answer: *IV ASAP*
IV antihypertensive: Nipride, labetalol, nicardipine
Monitor BP every 15 min during treatment
Assess neurological status
Assess ECG
◉ Hypertensive crisis symptoms. Answer: SBP >180
~Headache (insufficient blood/oxygen to brain)
~Visual problems (insufficient blood supply to optic nerve)
~Alteration of consciousness
~Seizure
~Angina pectoris
~SOB (fluid overload)
TESTED CONTENT WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
◉ hypertensive crisis. Answer: Hypertensive emergency
•Target organ damage
•Requires hospitalization
•Untreated = 79% mortality in one year
•IV drugs: slow titration; MAP 110 to 115 mm Hg
•Drugs have rapid onset; Monitor HR and BP q. 2 to 3 minutes
•Special considerations: Aortic dissection, acute ischemic stroke,
poststroke patients
•Bed rest for those on IV drugs
Hypertensive urgency—more common
•No evidence of target organ disease
•Hospitalization is usually not required
•Associated with chronic stable disorders
◉ diagnostic tests for hypertension. Answer: 1. Repeated
measurement of blood pressure
,2.EKG, urinalysis, glucose measurement to exclude concomitant
diabetes, cholesterol screening
3. lipid profile for atherosclerosis
4. serum electrolytes for hyperaldosteronism check
◉ HTN drug therapy. Answer: - diuretics
- b. blockers (olols)
- A-11 recptor blockers ( sartan)
- calcium channel blockers (pines)
-ACE inhibitors (prils)
*before meds get BP
◉ Beta blockers. Answer: vasodilators, reduce HR, block beta-
adrenergic receptors and effects, reduce systemic vascular
resistance
◉ ACE inhibitors. Answer: Prevent the synthesis of angiotensin II, a
potent vasoconstrictor; used to treat hypertension, heart failure and
kidney disease
-do not use with k sparing
-dry hacking cough-change to arb
-hold for renal failure
,◉ A-II receptor blocks. Answer: prevent angiotensin II from binding
to receptors in blood vessel walls
-sartans
-3-6 weeks to reduce BP
-hold if renal failure
◉ Metoprolol. Answer: beta blocker
-orthostatic hypotension
-less effective african american
-bradycardia, breathing problems (not for asthma/copd, bad for HF,
blood sugar masking)
◉ Direct Vasodilators. Answer: acute
Nitro
-max 3 dose
-q5min
chronic
isosorbide monitrate (imdur)/isosorbide dinitrate (isordil
-ER
-requires 12 hr nitrate free interval
, SE: HA, flushing, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
◉ Calcium Channel Blockers. Answer: pine
calcium can't enter muscle cells to cause vasodilation and decrease
bp
-no grapefruit juice
-SE: HA and lower extremity swelling
◉ Hypertensive crisis treatment. Answer: *IV ASAP*
IV antihypertensive: Nipride, labetalol, nicardipine
Monitor BP every 15 min during treatment
Assess neurological status
Assess ECG
◉ Hypertensive crisis symptoms. Answer: SBP >180
~Headache (insufficient blood/oxygen to brain)
~Visual problems (insufficient blood supply to optic nerve)
~Alteration of consciousness
~Seizure
~Angina pectoris
~SOB (fluid overload)
