NURS 1131 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NURS 1131 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Social Political Climate: 1800s - Answers - Revolutionary War ended 1783 - followed by postwar depression 1784 - Five Wars -- The war of 1812 -- Indian Wars -- Mexican War -- Civil War -- Spanish American War - American Population growth -- As a result of these events, opportunities for women to work increased -- Women were considered inferior in strength, but superior in morality Image of Nursing - Early 1800s - Answers - Nursing considered undesirable for respectable women Image of Nursing - Mid- 1800s - Answers - Nursing influenced by Florence Nightingale - Establishment of nurse training schools and arrival of religious nursing orders in U.S. - Image: conservative, loyal, submissive, dedicated to serve above own needs - Uniform influenced image Education of Nurses - 1800s - Answers - Formal American nurse training programs emerged in later half of 1800s -- New England Hospital for Women and Children -- Massachusetts General Hospital - Boston -- Bellevue Hospital - NY -- New Haven Hospital - CT - Nursing students cheaply provided workforce needed to run a hospital -- Early training requirements- one year -- Increased to 3-years by 1880 - Grueling schedule; probationers (women undergoing trial training to become nurses) worked 7 days a week, 70-90 hours a week 1879 Spelman Seminary, Atlanta GA - Answers - First Nursing School for Black women only Education of Nurses - 1891 - Answers - Hampton Institute, Virginia - Providence Hospital, Chicago Education of Nurses - Late 1800s - Answers - 5 schools for men -- Women's Exponent newspaper advertising nursing schools Mary Mahoney - 1800s - Answers - Minority nurses has limited educational opportunities - Mary Mahoney: was the first African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States. In 1879, Mahoney was the first African American to graduate from an American school of nursing Advances in Practice - late 1800s - Answers - Ether and chloroform for surgical procedures - Germs from body fluids - hand washing - Antisepsis - washing hands and asepsis - sterile field - Diagnostic instruments - stethoscopes, thermometers, Xrays, etc. - Identification of common infectious agents H. Influenzae, E. Coli - microscopic advancement - Creation of vaccines - Louis Pasteur anthrax War and Its Effects on Nursing - 1800s - Answers - Civil War (): largest of five wars - In the North: -- Dorothea Dix organized nursing efforts -- Harriet Tubman served as a nurse during the Civil War and used her knowledge of medicine to treat wounded soldiers - In the South: -- Nursing care was mostly provided by confederate infantrymen - Spanish-American War -- Led to the creation of an Army Nurse Corp -Soldiers died form disease vs. battle wounds -- Typhoid & Yellow Fever - Clara Maas Clara Maas - Answers - Served as a nurse during the Spanish-American War - Solders were dying from Typhoid and yellow fever - She volunteered to be bitten by infected mosquitoes to help scientists prove it was mosquito-borne - She passed away from bite because it gave her yellow fever - Helped pave the way for a vaccine Clara Barton - Answers - - Born in MA, worked in DC in the US Patent Office when the Civil War broke out - Delivered supplies and care during Civil War - Established the foundation for the American Red Cross Nursing Workforce Issues - 1800s - Answers - Nursing attractive option for women trying to support themselves - Graduate nurse pay inadequate- better than other employment -- Private duty vs. hospital nursing pay - Nursing acceptable for one group: white, conservative, middle-class women - Opportunities for men in nursing remained limited - Minorities in nursing made little progress in the 1800s until 1879 - Black women had difficulty gaining admission to nursing schools - Black women had difficulty gaining admission to nursing schools -- Black Americans health outcomes suffered Licensure and Regulation - 1800s - Answers - No formal licensure or regulation of nursing practice in U.S. - Women in military or relief organizations required to have identification of status -- American Red Cross -- Army Nurse Corp -- Reconstruction Aide Nursing Research - Answers - Nurses in 1800s did not practice using research and relied on tradition and personal experience - Science breakthroughs helped to improve nursing practice indirectly - No record of organized effort among nurses to generate research-based knowledge Sociopolitical Climate - 1900s-1920s - Answers - Industrial Revolution - Immigration into the U.S -- Housing shortage -- Sanitation issues -- Disease morbidity and mortality -- Labor concerns -- Distinctions of class, poverty -- Social problems - Increased concern over the welfare of women and children - Development of many organizations in response to issues -- Department of Commerce and Labor -- Federal Trade Commision -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - International Concerns -- Germany invaded France and Russia Image of Nursing - 1900s-1920s - Answers - 1916 a standard uniform was proposed for American Nurses Association (ANA) members -- A new, respectable image -- Cap or unique to the hospital trained - Development of complex, crowded, impoverished communities allowed nursed to offer expanded nursing services The Education of Nurses - 1900s-1920s - Answers - American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses worked to ensure nurses prepared for leadership -- Later became the NLN - Educational focus changed: -- Theory classes -- Scientific knowledge -- College or university affiliation -- Addition of specific skills -- Improved educational standards; practice regulation Advances in Practice - 1900s-1920s - Answers - Women gained autonomy, asked for political recognition and societal reform -- The New York Public School Nursing program 1902 & the Women's Trade Union in 1903 -- Henry Street Settlement and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company -- Visiting Nurses' Association was formed -- The Army Nurse Corps 1901 -- The Navy Nurse Corps 1907 -- Standing Orders for visiting nurses -- School Nursing Programs Advances in Practice Important People - 1900s-1920s - Answers - Lilian Wald -- U.S Children's Bureau 1912 - Julia Lathrop and Grace Abbott -- Division for Children and Family Services - Margaret Sanger -- Women's health and birth control -Scientific advances included electrocardiograms, Novocain, discovery of hormones/test for syphilis, and blood types -- Clara Maas - Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research was founded War and Its Effects on Nursing - 1900s-1920s - Answers - 23,000 graduate nurses served during WW1 in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps - Committee on Nursing: established to meet the growing needs for nurses to serve as military healthcare providers -- Address nursing supply -- Address care for soldiers -- Address requirements for applicants, personal qualifications, educational recommendations - Army School of Nursing developed - Red Cross developed a strategy of volunteerism to assist nurses Committee of Nursing - Answers - 1900s-1920s - Established to meet the growing need for nurses to serve as military healthcare providers -- Address nursing supply -- Address care for soldiers -- Address requirements for applicants, personal qualifications, educational recommendations Nursing Workforce Issues - 1900s-1920s - Answers - Women entered the workforce in greater numbers - Nursing still was not inclusive to ALL women or other groups - National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) 1908 -- Martha Franklin and Mary Mahoney