Pharmacology
,What is Pharmacology?
Pharmacology is the scientific study of the origin, nature, chemistry,
effects, and uses of drugs. This knowledge is essential to providing
safe and accurate medication administration to your patients
Three basic concepts of pharmacology
- the absorption, distribution, metabolism,
Pharmacokinetics
and excretion of drugs by the body.
- the biochemical and physical effects of
Pharmacodynamics
drugs and the mechanisms of drug
actions
Pharmacotherapeutics - the use of drugs to prevent and treat
diseases
, Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Medication going from the location of administration to the bloodstream
Oral Subcut & IM IV
Depends on the site
Takes the Quickest
of blood perfusion.
longest absorption
More blood perfusion
to absorb time
= rapid absorption
Distribution
Transportation by bodily fluids of the medication to where it needs to go
Circulation
Influencing factors: Permeability of the cell membrane
Plasma protein binding
Metabolism
How is the medication going to be broken down?
Most common site: LIVER
Age
(Infants & elderly have a limited med-metabolizing
capacity)
Influencing factors:
Medication type
First-pass effect
Liver may inactivate some medication
(may need non enteral route)
Nutritional status
Excretion
How is the medication going to be eliminated from the body?
Most commonly done by KIDNEYS
Kidney dysfunction
Influencing factors: Leads to an increase in the duration and
intensity of a medication response
, 10 Rights of Drug
Administration
RIGHT DRUG RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
RIGHT PATIENT RIGHT CLIENT EDUCATION
RIGHT DOSE RIGHT TO REFUSE
RIGHT ROUTE RIGHT TO ASSESSMENT
RIGHT TIME RIGHT TO EVALUATION
Common medication
Types of orders
errors
ROUTINE
Medication error kills,
Given on a regular schedule with
or without a termination date prevention is crucial!
SINGLE "ONE-TIME" Wrong medication
Incorrect dose
Given on a regular schedule with
Wrong...
or without a termination date
➥ Client
STAT ➥ Route
➥ Time
Only for administration once
Administer a medication the
and given immediately
client is allergic to
Incorrect D/C of Medication
PRN
Inaccurate prescribing
"As needed" must have an indication
for use such as pain, nausea & vomiting.
,What is Pharmacology?
Pharmacology is the scientific study of the origin, nature, chemistry,
effects, and uses of drugs. This knowledge is essential to providing
safe and accurate medication administration to your patients
Three basic concepts of pharmacology
- the absorption, distribution, metabolism,
Pharmacokinetics
and excretion of drugs by the body.
- the biochemical and physical effects of
Pharmacodynamics
drugs and the mechanisms of drug
actions
Pharmacotherapeutics - the use of drugs to prevent and treat
diseases
, Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Medication going from the location of administration to the bloodstream
Oral Subcut & IM IV
Depends on the site
Takes the Quickest
of blood perfusion.
longest absorption
More blood perfusion
to absorb time
= rapid absorption
Distribution
Transportation by bodily fluids of the medication to where it needs to go
Circulation
Influencing factors: Permeability of the cell membrane
Plasma protein binding
Metabolism
How is the medication going to be broken down?
Most common site: LIVER
Age
(Infants & elderly have a limited med-metabolizing
capacity)
Influencing factors:
Medication type
First-pass effect
Liver may inactivate some medication
(may need non enteral route)
Nutritional status
Excretion
How is the medication going to be eliminated from the body?
Most commonly done by KIDNEYS
Kidney dysfunction
Influencing factors: Leads to an increase in the duration and
intensity of a medication response
, 10 Rights of Drug
Administration
RIGHT DRUG RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
RIGHT PATIENT RIGHT CLIENT EDUCATION
RIGHT DOSE RIGHT TO REFUSE
RIGHT ROUTE RIGHT TO ASSESSMENT
RIGHT TIME RIGHT TO EVALUATION
Common medication
Types of orders
errors
ROUTINE
Medication error kills,
Given on a regular schedule with
or without a termination date prevention is crucial!
SINGLE "ONE-TIME" Wrong medication
Incorrect dose
Given on a regular schedule with
Wrong...
or without a termination date
➥ Client
STAT ➥ Route
➥ Time
Only for administration once
Administer a medication the
and given immediately
client is allergic to
Incorrect D/C of Medication
PRN
Inaccurate prescribing
"As needed" must have an indication
for use such as pain, nausea & vomiting.
