NRS 3015 Final Exam Questions with All
Correct Answers.
Pre-op Screening - Answer Comprehensive assessment of medical history, allergies,
medications, focusing on cardiovascular and respiratory history.
CBC - Answer Test checking overall blood health specifically for anemia, infections, and
clotting ability.
Electrolytes - Answer Evaluates sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate levels crucial for
heart and muscle function.
PT (prothrombin time) - Answer Measures blood clotting time, assessing extrinsic and
common pathways of the coagulation cascade.
PT normal range - Answer 11-13.5 seconds
PT clinical significance - Answer prolonged PT can indicate deficiencies in clotting factors,
liver disease, or vit K
PTT (partial thromboplastin time) - Answer Assesses intrinsic and common coagulation
pathways effectiveness.
PTT normal range - Answer 25-35 seconds
PTT clinical significance - Answer prolonged PTT suggests issues with clotting factors involved
in these pathways which can be due to conditions like hemophilia
INR (international normalized ratio) - Answer Standardized measure for monitoring patients
on warfarin therapy.
INR normal range - Answer 0.8-1.1 for pt not on anticoagulants
2.0-3.0 for those on warfarin
INR clinical significance - Answer elevated INR indicates an increased risk for bleeding
, Blood Type and Crossmatch - Answer Ensures blood transfusion compatibility, crucial for
surgeries with high blood loss risk.
Imaging - Answer Includes chest X-rays, EKGs for heart/lung conditions assessment pre-
surgery.
Pre-op: Patient Education - Answer Explains procedure (risks/benefits/PO), NPO status (no
food or drink 6-8 hrs before surgery to minimize aspiration risk), post-op expectations (pain
management, mobility restrictions, etc)
Informed Consent - Answer Ensures patient understands surgery risks, benefits, alternatives.
General Anesthesia - Answer Induces complete unconsciousness, vital sign monitoring for
major surgeries.
Regional Anesthesia - Answer Numbing larger body areas, used in lower body surgeries.
Local Anesthesia - Answer Numbs specific body area, used in minor procedures.
Intraoperative care: Monitoring - Answer Continuous vital sign assessment during anesthesia
for early adverse reaction detection.
Sterilization - Answer Thoroughly cleaning surgical site to maintain a sterile field and prevent
infections.
Patient positioning during surgery - Answer Critical for preventing pressure injuries, ensuring
blood flow, optimal access.
Safety protocols during surgery - Answer Follow strict protocols, checklists to ensure correct
procedure, equipment, roles.
"time out" procedure - Answer a critical safety step where the surgical team pauses to verify
the patient's identity, the correct site, and the planned procedure.
Post op care: Airway Management - Answer Priority in PACU, techniques to maintain clear
airway post-surgery.
reposition pt, using oral airways, or suctioning may be necessary
Correct Answers.
Pre-op Screening - Answer Comprehensive assessment of medical history, allergies,
medications, focusing on cardiovascular and respiratory history.
CBC - Answer Test checking overall blood health specifically for anemia, infections, and
clotting ability.
Electrolytes - Answer Evaluates sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate levels crucial for
heart and muscle function.
PT (prothrombin time) - Answer Measures blood clotting time, assessing extrinsic and
common pathways of the coagulation cascade.
PT normal range - Answer 11-13.5 seconds
PT clinical significance - Answer prolonged PT can indicate deficiencies in clotting factors,
liver disease, or vit K
PTT (partial thromboplastin time) - Answer Assesses intrinsic and common coagulation
pathways effectiveness.
PTT normal range - Answer 25-35 seconds
PTT clinical significance - Answer prolonged PTT suggests issues with clotting factors involved
in these pathways which can be due to conditions like hemophilia
INR (international normalized ratio) - Answer Standardized measure for monitoring patients
on warfarin therapy.
INR normal range - Answer 0.8-1.1 for pt not on anticoagulants
2.0-3.0 for those on warfarin
INR clinical significance - Answer elevated INR indicates an increased risk for bleeding
, Blood Type and Crossmatch - Answer Ensures blood transfusion compatibility, crucial for
surgeries with high blood loss risk.
Imaging - Answer Includes chest X-rays, EKGs for heart/lung conditions assessment pre-
surgery.
Pre-op: Patient Education - Answer Explains procedure (risks/benefits/PO), NPO status (no
food or drink 6-8 hrs before surgery to minimize aspiration risk), post-op expectations (pain
management, mobility restrictions, etc)
Informed Consent - Answer Ensures patient understands surgery risks, benefits, alternatives.
General Anesthesia - Answer Induces complete unconsciousness, vital sign monitoring for
major surgeries.
Regional Anesthesia - Answer Numbing larger body areas, used in lower body surgeries.
Local Anesthesia - Answer Numbs specific body area, used in minor procedures.
Intraoperative care: Monitoring - Answer Continuous vital sign assessment during anesthesia
for early adverse reaction detection.
Sterilization - Answer Thoroughly cleaning surgical site to maintain a sterile field and prevent
infections.
Patient positioning during surgery - Answer Critical for preventing pressure injuries, ensuring
blood flow, optimal access.
Safety protocols during surgery - Answer Follow strict protocols, checklists to ensure correct
procedure, equipment, roles.
"time out" procedure - Answer a critical safety step where the surgical team pauses to verify
the patient's identity, the correct site, and the planned procedure.
Post op care: Airway Management - Answer Priority in PACU, techniques to maintain clear
airway post-surgery.
reposition pt, using oral airways, or suctioning may be necessary
