UCSB PSY 102
UCSB PSY 102 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS %
ACCURATE.
Describe the 3 types of experiments (pros and cons) Answer >> Observational -
observe behavior (P: straightforward; C: observer's bias)
Correlational - measure variables (P: easy to collect info; C: correlation does not =
causation)
Experimental - manipulate variables (P: establishes causality; C: not all
experiments are ethical to do)
Describe the 4 types of validity Answer >> Statistical - is it statistically significant?
(> 95%)
Internal - is results dependent on independent variable only?
Construct - does results accurately reflect concepts?
External - can generalize to real life?
ABCs of social psychology Answer >> Affect (feelings); Behavior (actions);
cognition (thoughts)
Scientific method Answer >> H hypothesize
O operationalize
M ethos
E valuate
R devise/replicate
,UCSB PSY 102
Hypothesis vs. Theory Answer >> Theory - abstract idea
Hypothesis - can be tested
Key components of ethical research Answer >> 1. benefits > costs
2. full disclosure
3. fully-informed consent
4. debriefing
-deception may be necessary
Self-concept Answer >> all the beliefs people have about themselves
Hindsight bias Answer >> people tendency to be overconfident about whether
they could have predicted an outcome
regression to the mean Answer >> tendency of extreme scores to be followed
with less extreme scores
working self-concept Answer >> most accessible self-schema in a particular
context
independent vs. interdependent Answer >> individualism
most Western countries
vs.
, UCSB PSY 102
collectivism
most east Asian countries
Confusion of Self and Other Study Answer >> 1. Rate traits with close other,
familiar stranger, less familiar stranger, self.
2. Identify which of the four fits the traits
= more confusions between self and close other
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory Answer >> people balance individual (need for
uniqueness) and group identities (need to belong)
~traits that are shared among your friend group &
traits that are unique to you
How do we learn about ourselves? Answer >> Introspection (biased)
Self-perception (inferring out desires from our behavior)
Social Comparison
over justification effect Answer >> when perceived reward for a behavior
becomes expected, less likely to do it
I like reading
(reward given each time they read)
I won't read anymore unless I get a reward
UCSB PSY 102 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS %
ACCURATE.
Describe the 3 types of experiments (pros and cons) Answer >> Observational -
observe behavior (P: straightforward; C: observer's bias)
Correlational - measure variables (P: easy to collect info; C: correlation does not =
causation)
Experimental - manipulate variables (P: establishes causality; C: not all
experiments are ethical to do)
Describe the 4 types of validity Answer >> Statistical - is it statistically significant?
(> 95%)
Internal - is results dependent on independent variable only?
Construct - does results accurately reflect concepts?
External - can generalize to real life?
ABCs of social psychology Answer >> Affect (feelings); Behavior (actions);
cognition (thoughts)
Scientific method Answer >> H hypothesize
O operationalize
M ethos
E valuate
R devise/replicate
,UCSB PSY 102
Hypothesis vs. Theory Answer >> Theory - abstract idea
Hypothesis - can be tested
Key components of ethical research Answer >> 1. benefits > costs
2. full disclosure
3. fully-informed consent
4. debriefing
-deception may be necessary
Self-concept Answer >> all the beliefs people have about themselves
Hindsight bias Answer >> people tendency to be overconfident about whether
they could have predicted an outcome
regression to the mean Answer >> tendency of extreme scores to be followed
with less extreme scores
working self-concept Answer >> most accessible self-schema in a particular
context
independent vs. interdependent Answer >> individualism
most Western countries
vs.
, UCSB PSY 102
collectivism
most east Asian countries
Confusion of Self and Other Study Answer >> 1. Rate traits with close other,
familiar stranger, less familiar stranger, self.
2. Identify which of the four fits the traits
= more confusions between self and close other
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory Answer >> people balance individual (need for
uniqueness) and group identities (need to belong)
~traits that are shared among your friend group &
traits that are unique to you
How do we learn about ourselves? Answer >> Introspection (biased)
Self-perception (inferring out desires from our behavior)
Social Comparison
over justification effect Answer >> when perceived reward for a behavior
becomes expected, less likely to do it
I like reading
(reward given each time they read)
I won't read anymore unless I get a reward
