TEST BANK
INTRODUCTORY MATERNITY & PEDIATRIC NURSING
NANCY HATFIELD & CYNTHIA KINCHELOE
5th Edition
TEST BANK
,Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal–Child Health Care Environment
Hatfield: Introductory Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 5th Edition
1. The\ opening\ up\ of\ hospital\ visiting\ policies\ for\ children\ and\ families\
likely\ resultedfrom\ the\ work\ of\ which\ individual?
A. Joseph\ Brennaman
B. John\ Bowlby
C. Marshal\ Klaus
D. John\Kennell\
Answer:\ B
Rationale:\ In\ 1951,\ John\ Bowlby\ received\ worldwide\ attention\ with\ his
study\ that\ revealed\ the\ negative\ results\ of\ the\ separation\ of\ child\ and\ mother\ because\
of\ hospitalization.\ His\ work\ led\ toa\ re-evaluation\ and\ liberalization\ of\ hospital\ visiting\ policies\
for\ children.\ Joseph\ Brennaman\ suggested\ that\ a\ lack\ of\ stimulation\ for\ infants\ contributed\
to\ high\ infant\ mortality\ rates\ at\ the\ time.\ In\ the\ 1970s\ and\ 1980s,\ physicians\ Marshall\
Klaus\ and\ John\ Kennell\ carried\ out\ importantstudies\ on\ the\ effect\ of\ the\ separation\ of\
newborns\ and\ parents.\ They\ established\ that\ early\ separation\ may\ have\ long-term\ effects\
on\ family\ relationships\ and\ that\ offering\ the\ new\ family\ an\ opportunity\ to\ be\ together\ at\
birth\ and\ for\ a\ significant\ period\ after\ birth\ may\ provide\ benefitsthat\ last\ well\ into\
early\ childhood.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Remember
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 4
2. An\ expectant\ mother\ states\ that\ she\ read\ that\ more\ black\ mothers\ die\ in\ childbirth\ than\
do\ white\ mothers.\ When\ responding\ to\ her\ questions\ about\ the\ reasons\ for\ this,\ the\
nurse\ accurately\ states\ that\ which\ is\ the\ major\ reason\ for\ the\ high\ maternal\ mortality\
rate?
A. Having\ formal\ education.
B. Being\ unmarried.
C. Income.
D. Lack\ of\ prenatal\ care.
Answer:\ D
Rationale:\ Research\ shows\ that\ maternal\ mortality\ rate\ is\ directly\ related\ to\ lack\ of\ prenatal\
care\ secondary\ to\ lack\ of\ access\ to\ services\ or\ insurance.\ Income\ as\ well\ as\ educational\
level\ may\ play\ a\ role\ in\ the\ availability\ of\ health\ care,\ but\ they\ are\ not\ directly\
responsible.\ Being\ unmarried\ has\ no\ bearing\ on\ infant\ mortality.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Understand
,Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 9
3. Which\ statement\ correctly\ defines\ the\ term\ "infant\ death\ rate"?
A. number\ of\ deaths\ in\ utero\ of\ fetuses\ 500\ g\ or\ more\ per\ 1,000\ live\ births
B. number\ of\ deaths\ occurring\ in\ the\ first\ 28\ days\ of\ life\ per\ 1,000\ live\ births
C. number\ of\ deaths\ occurring\ at\ birth\ or\ in\ the\ first\ 12\ months\ of\ life\ per\1,000\ live\ births
D. death\ of\ a\ live-born\ child\ before\ his\ or\ her\ first\ birthday.
Answer:\ D
Rationale:\ The\ term\ infant\ death\ refers\ to\ the\ death\ of\ a\ live-born\ child\ before\ he\ or\
she\ reaches\ age\ 1\ year.\ It\ also\ includes\ neonatal\ mortality\ rate.\ Neonatal\ mortality\ rate\
is\ the\ number\ of\ infant\ deaths\ during\ the\ first\ 28\ days\ of\ life\ for\ every\ 1,000\ live\
births.\ Infant\ mortality\ rate\ is\ the\ number\ of\ deaths\ during\ the\ first\ 12\ months\ of\ life\ per\ 1,000\
live\ births.\ Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Remember
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 9
4. The\ nursing\ instructor\ is\ preparing\ to\ teach\ a\ group\ of\ students\ about\ the\ history\ of\ maternity\
care.\ What\ major\ development\ will\ the\ instructor\ emphasize\ as\ greatly\ influencing\ the\
practice\ of\ maternity\ care\ in\ the\ United\ States\ over\ the\ past\ century?
A. technologic\ advances\ and\ the\ use\ of\ forceps\ by\ primary\ care\ providers
B. development\ of\ anesthesia\ and\ acceptance\ of\ the\ germ\ theory
C. advent\ of\ birthing\ centers\ and\ the\ development\ of\ family-centered\ care
D. development\ of\ pediatric\ specialty\ and\ replacement\ of\ midwives\ as\ primary\ birth\
attendants\ Answer:\ B
Rationale:\ The\ emphasis\ should\ be\ placed\ on\ anesthesia\ and\ the\ germ\ theory.\ The\
development\ of\ anesthesia\ allowed\ women\ a\ choice\ for\ pain\ management\ in\ birth;\ the\ germ\
theory\ advanced\ the\ progress\ of\ general\ health\ care\ and\ decreased\ infections\ in\ laboring\
women.\ Pediatrics\ as\ a\ specialty\ is\ an\ important\ step\ forward\ but\ is\ not\ the\ greatest\
development,\ and\ midwives\ are\ still\ in\ practice.\ Maternity\ care\ continues\ to\ evolve,\ and\
birthing\ centers\ are\ still\ under\ development.\ Forceps\ are\ not\ considered\ an\ advance\ in\
maternity\ care.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Analyze
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance
, Integrated\Process:\Teaching/Learning\
Reference:\ p.\ 3
5. When\ preparing\ a\ client\ for\ surgery,\ the\ nurse\ explains\ that\ the\ use\ of\ an\ antiseptic\
during\ the\ surgery\ has\ greatly\ improved\ client\ survival\ rates\ and\ was\ started\ by\ which\
physician?
A. Louis\ Pasteur
B. Ignaz\ Philip\ Semmelweis
C. Joseph\ Lister
D. Alexander\Gordon\
Answer:\ C
Rationale:\ Joseph\ Lister\ was\ a\ British\ surgeon\ who\ embraced\ Louis\ Pasteur's\ theory\
of\ microorganisms\ as\ the\ cause\ of\ infection.\ Lister\ used\ carbolic\ acid\ as\ an\ antiseptic\
during\ surgery\ and\ improved\ the\ survival\ rates\ of\ his\ patients.\ Alexander\ Gordon\ proposed\
the\ theory\ of\ infection.\ Oliver\ Wendell\ Holmes\ and\ Ignaz\ Philip\ Semmelweis\
confirmed\ his\ theory.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Apply
Client\ Needs:\ Safe,\ Effective\ Care\ Environment:\ Safety\ and\ Infection\ Control\ Integrated\
Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 4
6. A\ young\ couple\ are\ very\ excited\ to\ learn\ they\ are\ expecting\ their\ first\ child\ and\
question\ the\ nurse\ about\ which\ test\ they\ need\ to\ discover\ its\ gender.\ Which\ procedure\ will\
best\ provide\ this\ information\ to\ the\ couple?
A. Ultrasound
B. Amniocentesis
C. Chorionic\ villus\ sampling
D. HGP
Answer:\ A
Rationale:\ Ultrasound\ is\ a\ visual\ method\ for\ assessing\ the\ fetus\ in\ the\ uterus\ and\ will\ provide\
information\ about\ the\ gender.\ Amniocentesis\ and\ chorionic\ villus\ sampling\ provide\ the\ entire\
genetic\ code\ of\ the\ fetus.\ HGP\ refers\ to\ the\ Human\ Genome\ Project,\ which\ can\
provide\ information\ regarding\ gene\ mutations\ and\ variations.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Apply
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Caring
Reference:\ p.\ 6
INTRODUCTORY MATERNITY & PEDIATRIC NURSING
NANCY HATFIELD & CYNTHIA KINCHELOE
5th Edition
TEST BANK
,Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal–Child Health Care Environment
Hatfield: Introductory Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 5th Edition
1. The\ opening\ up\ of\ hospital\ visiting\ policies\ for\ children\ and\ families\
likely\ resultedfrom\ the\ work\ of\ which\ individual?
A. Joseph\ Brennaman
B. John\ Bowlby
C. Marshal\ Klaus
D. John\Kennell\
Answer:\ B
Rationale:\ In\ 1951,\ John\ Bowlby\ received\ worldwide\ attention\ with\ his
study\ that\ revealed\ the\ negative\ results\ of\ the\ separation\ of\ child\ and\ mother\ because\
of\ hospitalization.\ His\ work\ led\ toa\ re-evaluation\ and\ liberalization\ of\ hospital\ visiting\ policies\
for\ children.\ Joseph\ Brennaman\ suggested\ that\ a\ lack\ of\ stimulation\ for\ infants\ contributed\
to\ high\ infant\ mortality\ rates\ at\ the\ time.\ In\ the\ 1970s\ and\ 1980s,\ physicians\ Marshall\
Klaus\ and\ John\ Kennell\ carried\ out\ importantstudies\ on\ the\ effect\ of\ the\ separation\ of\
newborns\ and\ parents.\ They\ established\ that\ early\ separation\ may\ have\ long-term\ effects\
on\ family\ relationships\ and\ that\ offering\ the\ new\ family\ an\ opportunity\ to\ be\ together\ at\
birth\ and\ for\ a\ significant\ period\ after\ birth\ may\ provide\ benefitsthat\ last\ well\ into\
early\ childhood.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Remember
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 4
2. An\ expectant\ mother\ states\ that\ she\ read\ that\ more\ black\ mothers\ die\ in\ childbirth\ than\
do\ white\ mothers.\ When\ responding\ to\ her\ questions\ about\ the\ reasons\ for\ this,\ the\
nurse\ accurately\ states\ that\ which\ is\ the\ major\ reason\ for\ the\ high\ maternal\ mortality\
rate?
A. Having\ formal\ education.
B. Being\ unmarried.
C. Income.
D. Lack\ of\ prenatal\ care.
Answer:\ D
Rationale:\ Research\ shows\ that\ maternal\ mortality\ rate\ is\ directly\ related\ to\ lack\ of\ prenatal\
care\ secondary\ to\ lack\ of\ access\ to\ services\ or\ insurance.\ Income\ as\ well\ as\ educational\
level\ may\ play\ a\ role\ in\ the\ availability\ of\ health\ care,\ but\ they\ are\ not\ directly\
responsible.\ Being\ unmarried\ has\ no\ bearing\ on\ infant\ mortality.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Understand
,Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 9
3. Which\ statement\ correctly\ defines\ the\ term\ "infant\ death\ rate"?
A. number\ of\ deaths\ in\ utero\ of\ fetuses\ 500\ g\ or\ more\ per\ 1,000\ live\ births
B. number\ of\ deaths\ occurring\ in\ the\ first\ 28\ days\ of\ life\ per\ 1,000\ live\ births
C. number\ of\ deaths\ occurring\ at\ birth\ or\ in\ the\ first\ 12\ months\ of\ life\ per\1,000\ live\ births
D. death\ of\ a\ live-born\ child\ before\ his\ or\ her\ first\ birthday.
Answer:\ D
Rationale:\ The\ term\ infant\ death\ refers\ to\ the\ death\ of\ a\ live-born\ child\ before\ he\ or\
she\ reaches\ age\ 1\ year.\ It\ also\ includes\ neonatal\ mortality\ rate.\ Neonatal\ mortality\ rate\
is\ the\ number\ of\ infant\ deaths\ during\ the\ first\ 28\ days\ of\ life\ for\ every\ 1,000\ live\
births.\ Infant\ mortality\ rate\ is\ the\ number\ of\ deaths\ during\ the\ first\ 12\ months\ of\ life\ per\ 1,000\
live\ births.\ Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Remember
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 9
4. The\ nursing\ instructor\ is\ preparing\ to\ teach\ a\ group\ of\ students\ about\ the\ history\ of\ maternity\
care.\ What\ major\ development\ will\ the\ instructor\ emphasize\ as\ greatly\ influencing\ the\
practice\ of\ maternity\ care\ in\ the\ United\ States\ over\ the\ past\ century?
A. technologic\ advances\ and\ the\ use\ of\ forceps\ by\ primary\ care\ providers
B. development\ of\ anesthesia\ and\ acceptance\ of\ the\ germ\ theory
C. advent\ of\ birthing\ centers\ and\ the\ development\ of\ family-centered\ care
D. development\ of\ pediatric\ specialty\ and\ replacement\ of\ midwives\ as\ primary\ birth\
attendants\ Answer:\ B
Rationale:\ The\ emphasis\ should\ be\ placed\ on\ anesthesia\ and\ the\ germ\ theory.\ The\
development\ of\ anesthesia\ allowed\ women\ a\ choice\ for\ pain\ management\ in\ birth;\ the\ germ\
theory\ advanced\ the\ progress\ of\ general\ health\ care\ and\ decreased\ infections\ in\ laboring\
women.\ Pediatrics\ as\ a\ specialty\ is\ an\ important\ step\ forward\ but\ is\ not\ the\ greatest\
development,\ and\ midwives\ are\ still\ in\ practice.\ Maternity\ care\ continues\ to\ evolve,\ and\
birthing\ centers\ are\ still\ under\ development.\ Forceps\ are\ not\ considered\ an\ advance\ in\
maternity\ care.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Analyze
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance
, Integrated\Process:\Teaching/Learning\
Reference:\ p.\ 3
5. When\ preparing\ a\ client\ for\ surgery,\ the\ nurse\ explains\ that\ the\ use\ of\ an\ antiseptic\
during\ the\ surgery\ has\ greatly\ improved\ client\ survival\ rates\ and\ was\ started\ by\ which\
physician?
A. Louis\ Pasteur
B. Ignaz\ Philip\ Semmelweis
C. Joseph\ Lister
D. Alexander\Gordon\
Answer:\ C
Rationale:\ Joseph\ Lister\ was\ a\ British\ surgeon\ who\ embraced\ Louis\ Pasteur's\ theory\
of\ microorganisms\ as\ the\ cause\ of\ infection.\ Lister\ used\ carbolic\ acid\ as\ an\ antiseptic\
during\ surgery\ and\ improved\ the\ survival\ rates\ of\ his\ patients.\ Alexander\ Gordon\ proposed\
the\ theory\ of\ infection.\ Oliver\ Wendell\ Holmes\ and\ Ignaz\ Philip\ Semmelweis\
confirmed\ his\ theory.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Apply
Client\ Needs:\ Safe,\ Effective\ Care\ Environment:\ Safety\ and\ Infection\ Control\ Integrated\
Process:\ Nursing\ Process
Reference:\ p.\ 4
6. A\ young\ couple\ are\ very\ excited\ to\ learn\ they\ are\ expecting\ their\ first\ child\ and\
question\ the\ nurse\ about\ which\ test\ they\ need\ to\ discover\ its\ gender.\ Which\ procedure\ will\
best\ provide\ this\ information\ to\ the\ couple?
A. Ultrasound
B. Amniocentesis
C. Chorionic\ villus\ sampling
D. HGP
Answer:\ A
Rationale:\ Ultrasound\ is\ a\ visual\ method\ for\ assessing\ the\ fetus\ in\ the\ uterus\ and\ will\ provide\
information\ about\ the\ gender.\ Amniocentesis\ and\ chorionic\ villus\ sampling\ provide\ the\ entire\
genetic\ code\ of\ the\ fetus.\ HGP\ refers\ to\ the\ Human\ Genome\ Project,\ which\ can\
provide\ information\ regarding\ gene\ mutations\ and\ variations.
Question\ format:\ Multiple\ Choice
Chapter\ 1:\ The\ Nurse's\ Role\ in\ a\ Changing\ Maternal-Child\ Health\ Care\ Environment\
Cognitive\ Level:\ Apply
Client\ Needs:\ Health\ Promotion\ and\ Maintenance\
Integrated\ Process:\ Caring
Reference:\ p.\ 6
