Persoonlijkheidspsychologie
1
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1: Definitie persoonlijkheid .................................................................................................................... 5
1.2: Terminologie ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3: Persoonlijkheidspsychologie .............................................................................................................. 5
Hoofdstuk 2: Persoonlijkheidspsychologie ............................................................................................... 6
2.1: Dispositionele theorieën .................................................................................................................... 6
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën: biologische theorieën ................................................................................. 10
1: Hans Eysenck....................................................................................................................................... 10
2: Jeffrey Gray ......................................................................................................................................... 11
3: Robert Cloninger ................................................................................................................................. 12
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën: Psychodynamische theorieën ..................................................................... 13
1: Klassieke psychoanalyse ..................................................................................................................... 13
2: Neo-analytische beweging (nieuw analytisch, na Freud) ................................................................... 16
3: Egopsychologie ................................................................................................................................... 17
4: Objectrelatietheorie............................................................................................................................ 17
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën: Humanistische theorieën ........................................................................... 19
1: Humanistische theorieën .................................................................................................................... 19
1.1: Inleiding............................................................................................................................................ 19
Sociaal-cognitivistische theorieën .......................................................................................................... 20
1: Persoonlijke constructtheorie............................................................................................................. 20
2: Sociaal-cognitieve leertheorie ............................................................................................................ 21
Hedendaagse thema’s: cross-sitationele consistentie en temporele stabiliteit van PH ........................ 23
1: Cross-situationele consistentie ........................................................................................................... 23
2: Temporele stabiliteit ........................................................................................................................... 24
2.1: Basisbegrippen ................................................................................................................................. 24
2.2: Drie analyseniveaus ......................................................................................................................... 24
2.3: PH-stabiliteit in de baby-, peuter- en kleutertijd en adolescentie .................................................. 24
2.4: PH-stabiliteit in de volwassenheid ................................................................................................... 26
2.5: PH-coherentie .................................................................................................................................. 26
Hedendaagse thema’s: Gedragsgenetica en Persoonlijkheid................................................................. 26
1: Het menselijk genoom ........................................................................................................................ 27
2: Controverse over genen en persoonlijkheid....................................................................................... 27
2
,3: Doelstellingen van gedragsgenetica ................................................................................................... 27
4: Wat is erfelijkheid? ............................................................................................................................. 27
5: Gedragsgenetisch onderzoek.............................................................................................................. 27
6: Onderzoeksbevindingen ..................................................................................................................... 28
7: Gedeelde vs. niet-gedeelde omgevingsinvloeden .............................................................................. 29
8: Genen en omgeving ............................................................................................................................ 29
Hedendaagse thema’s............................................................................................................................. 31
1: Assessment van PH ............................................................................................................................. 31
2: Cross-situationele consistentie en temporele stabiliteit van PH ........................................................ 31
3 : Gedragsgenetica en PH ...................................................................................................................... 31
4 : Het zelf ............................................................................................................................................... 31
4.1: Beschrijvende component: zelfconcept........................................................................................... 31
4.2: Evaluatieve component: eigenwaarde (self-esteem) ...................................................................... 32
4.3: Sociale component: sociale identiteit .............................................................................................. 33
5 : Coping ................................................................................................................................................ 33
5.1 : Wat is coping ? ................................................................................................................................ 33
5.2: Coping vs. Persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................... 34
Persoonlijkheid in het dagelijkse leven: persoonlijkheid en relaties ...................................................... 35
1: Persoonlijkheid en relaties.................................................................................................................. 35
1.1: Persoonlijkheid en partnerselectie .................................................................................................. 35
1.2: Persoonlijkheid en relatietevredenheid .......................................................................................... 35
1.3: Persoonlijkheid en vriendschap ....................................................................................................... 37
1.4: Persoonlijkheid en sociale media..................................................................................................... 38
2: Persoonlijkheid en school ................................................................................................................... 38
2.1: VFM en schoolse prestaties ............................................................................................................. 38
2.2: Sociale cognitie ................................................................................................................................ 38
2.3: Motivationele processen ................................................................................................................. 39
3: Persoonlijkheid en werk...................................................................................................................... 39
3.1: Werkprestaties................................................................................................................................. 39
3.2: Leiderschap ...................................................................................................................................... 40
3.3: ‘Dark side’ van PH ............................................................................................................................ 40
3.4: PH-meetinstrumenten in A&O......................................................................................................... 40
4: Persoonlijkheid en mentaal welbevinden........................................................................................... 41
3
, 4.1: Emoties ............................................................................................................................................ 41
................................................................................................................................................................ 41
4.2: Geluk ................................................................................................................................................ 42
4.3: Neuroticisme .................................................................................................................................... 43
4.4: Affectieve intensiteit........................................................................................................................ 43
4.5: Persoonlijkheid en emotioneel welbevinden .................................................................................. 44
5: Persoonlijkheid en lichamelijke gezondheid....................................................................................... 45
5.1: Theoretische modellen .................................................................................................................... 45
5.2: Stress ................................................................................................................................................ 46
5.3: Coping .............................................................................................................................................. 47
5.4: Type A persoonlijkheid .................................................................................................................... 47
Hoofdstuk: Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ................................................................................................ 49
1: Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen in DSM-5 ............................................................................................... 49
1.1: DSM-5: Drie secties .......................................................................................................................... 49
1.2: Algemene criteria PS volgens DSM-5 ............................................................................................... 49
1.3: Drie clusters ..................................................................................................................................... 49
1.4: Specifieke PS-diagnose .................................................................................................................... 50
1.5: Cluster A ........................................................................................................................................... 50
1.6: Cluster B ........................................................................................................................................... 50
1.7: Cluster C ........................................................................................................................................... 51
2: Prevalentie .......................................................................................................................................... 51
3: Etiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 51
4: Dimensionale benadering van persoonlijkheidspathologie ............................................................... 51
4
1
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1: Definitie persoonlijkheid .................................................................................................................... 5
1.2: Terminologie ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3: Persoonlijkheidspsychologie .............................................................................................................. 5
Hoofdstuk 2: Persoonlijkheidspsychologie ............................................................................................... 6
2.1: Dispositionele theorieën .................................................................................................................... 6
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën: biologische theorieën ................................................................................. 10
1: Hans Eysenck....................................................................................................................................... 10
2: Jeffrey Gray ......................................................................................................................................... 11
3: Robert Cloninger ................................................................................................................................. 12
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën: Psychodynamische theorieën ..................................................................... 13
1: Klassieke psychoanalyse ..................................................................................................................... 13
2: Neo-analytische beweging (nieuw analytisch, na Freud) ................................................................... 16
3: Egopsychologie ................................................................................................................................... 17
4: Objectrelatietheorie............................................................................................................................ 17
Persoonlijkheidstheorieën: Humanistische theorieën ........................................................................... 19
1: Humanistische theorieën .................................................................................................................... 19
1.1: Inleiding............................................................................................................................................ 19
Sociaal-cognitivistische theorieën .......................................................................................................... 20
1: Persoonlijke constructtheorie............................................................................................................. 20
2: Sociaal-cognitieve leertheorie ............................................................................................................ 21
Hedendaagse thema’s: cross-sitationele consistentie en temporele stabiliteit van PH ........................ 23
1: Cross-situationele consistentie ........................................................................................................... 23
2: Temporele stabiliteit ........................................................................................................................... 24
2.1: Basisbegrippen ................................................................................................................................. 24
2.2: Drie analyseniveaus ......................................................................................................................... 24
2.3: PH-stabiliteit in de baby-, peuter- en kleutertijd en adolescentie .................................................. 24
2.4: PH-stabiliteit in de volwassenheid ................................................................................................... 26
2.5: PH-coherentie .................................................................................................................................. 26
Hedendaagse thema’s: Gedragsgenetica en Persoonlijkheid................................................................. 26
1: Het menselijk genoom ........................................................................................................................ 27
2: Controverse over genen en persoonlijkheid....................................................................................... 27
2
,3: Doelstellingen van gedragsgenetica ................................................................................................... 27
4: Wat is erfelijkheid? ............................................................................................................................. 27
5: Gedragsgenetisch onderzoek.............................................................................................................. 27
6: Onderzoeksbevindingen ..................................................................................................................... 28
7: Gedeelde vs. niet-gedeelde omgevingsinvloeden .............................................................................. 29
8: Genen en omgeving ............................................................................................................................ 29
Hedendaagse thema’s............................................................................................................................. 31
1: Assessment van PH ............................................................................................................................. 31
2: Cross-situationele consistentie en temporele stabiliteit van PH ........................................................ 31
3 : Gedragsgenetica en PH ...................................................................................................................... 31
4 : Het zelf ............................................................................................................................................... 31
4.1: Beschrijvende component: zelfconcept........................................................................................... 31
4.2: Evaluatieve component: eigenwaarde (self-esteem) ...................................................................... 32
4.3: Sociale component: sociale identiteit .............................................................................................. 33
5 : Coping ................................................................................................................................................ 33
5.1 : Wat is coping ? ................................................................................................................................ 33
5.2: Coping vs. Persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................... 34
Persoonlijkheid in het dagelijkse leven: persoonlijkheid en relaties ...................................................... 35
1: Persoonlijkheid en relaties.................................................................................................................. 35
1.1: Persoonlijkheid en partnerselectie .................................................................................................. 35
1.2: Persoonlijkheid en relatietevredenheid .......................................................................................... 35
1.3: Persoonlijkheid en vriendschap ....................................................................................................... 37
1.4: Persoonlijkheid en sociale media..................................................................................................... 38
2: Persoonlijkheid en school ................................................................................................................... 38
2.1: VFM en schoolse prestaties ............................................................................................................. 38
2.2: Sociale cognitie ................................................................................................................................ 38
2.3: Motivationele processen ................................................................................................................. 39
3: Persoonlijkheid en werk...................................................................................................................... 39
3.1: Werkprestaties................................................................................................................................. 39
3.2: Leiderschap ...................................................................................................................................... 40
3.3: ‘Dark side’ van PH ............................................................................................................................ 40
3.4: PH-meetinstrumenten in A&O......................................................................................................... 40
4: Persoonlijkheid en mentaal welbevinden........................................................................................... 41
3
, 4.1: Emoties ............................................................................................................................................ 41
................................................................................................................................................................ 41
4.2: Geluk ................................................................................................................................................ 42
4.3: Neuroticisme .................................................................................................................................... 43
4.4: Affectieve intensiteit........................................................................................................................ 43
4.5: Persoonlijkheid en emotioneel welbevinden .................................................................................. 44
5: Persoonlijkheid en lichamelijke gezondheid....................................................................................... 45
5.1: Theoretische modellen .................................................................................................................... 45
5.2: Stress ................................................................................................................................................ 46
5.3: Coping .............................................................................................................................................. 47
5.4: Type A persoonlijkheid .................................................................................................................... 47
Hoofdstuk: Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ................................................................................................ 49
1: Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen in DSM-5 ............................................................................................... 49
1.1: DSM-5: Drie secties .......................................................................................................................... 49
1.2: Algemene criteria PS volgens DSM-5 ............................................................................................... 49
1.3: Drie clusters ..................................................................................................................................... 49
1.4: Specifieke PS-diagnose .................................................................................................................... 50
1.5: Cluster A ........................................................................................................................................... 50
1.6: Cluster B ........................................................................................................................................... 50
1.7: Cluster C ........................................................................................................................................... 51
2: Prevalentie .......................................................................................................................................... 51
3: Etiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 51
4: Dimensionale benadering van persoonlijkheidspathologie ............................................................... 51
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