NURS 518 Exam 1 – Complete Study Guide & Verified
Questions.
World Health Organization definition of a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
health not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 Health Definition Health is an interaction between an individual's biology and
behavior, physical and social environments, government policies
and interventions, and access to quality health care.
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease,
disability, injury, and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health
of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote
good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors
across all life stages.
Physiology The study of body function
Pathophysiology is the study of the body's response to dysfunction or disease
disease An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally.
Interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ
structure.
Etiology Aspects of the disease process? (6)
Pathogenes
Morphological changes
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Clinical Course
Biological agents: bacteria, Etiology Factors of Disease? (5)
viruses Physical: traumas,
radiation, burns Chemical
agents: poisons, alcohol
Genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficits: obesity
Diagnostic Reasoning Hallmark of clinical judgment and requires careful analysis. Method
of collecting and analyzing clinical information with the following
components: (1) attending to initially available cues, (2) formulating
diagnostic hypotheses, (3) gathering data relative to the tentative
hypotheses, (4) evaluating each hypothesis with the new data
collected, and (5) arriving at a final diagnosis.
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, Symptom Analysis Assessment and clinical decision making. The fixed properties of a
diagnostic test relate to its sensitivity and specificity.
Epidemiology The study of disease occurrence in a population
Diagnosis designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem
History The diagnostic process requires? (3)
Physical
Exam
Diagnostic Tests
History (Hx) used to obtain a person's account of their symptoms and their
progression and the factors that contribute to a diagnosis
Physical Exam (PE) Done to observe for signs of altered body structure or function
Diagnostic Tests Ordered to validate what is thought to be the problem; also
ordered to determine other possible health problems that were not
obtained from the Hx and PE but may be present given the signs and
symptoms.
Normal Established statistically from test results obtained from a selected
sample of people.
This value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve or
the 95% distribution.
Validity The extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is
extended to measure.
Reliability Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual
over repeated testings. Consistency.
Sensitivity The proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that
disease on a given test or observation; true-positive result.
Specificity The proportion of people without the disease who are negative on a
given test or observation; true-negative result
Greater the higher specificity, the the % of individuals who will have
negative for normal results, if they do not have the disease or
condition
Predictive Value Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or
absence of a person's condition. Depend more heavily on the
prevalence of the condition in the population.
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Questions.
World Health Organization definition of a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
health not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 Health Definition Health is an interaction between an individual's biology and
behavior, physical and social environments, government policies
and interventions, and access to quality health care.
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease,
disability, injury, and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health
of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote
good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors
across all life stages.
Physiology The study of body function
Pathophysiology is the study of the body's response to dysfunction or disease
disease An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally.
Interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ
structure.
Etiology Aspects of the disease process? (6)
Pathogenes
Morphological changes
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Clinical Course
Biological agents: bacteria, Etiology Factors of Disease? (5)
viruses Physical: traumas,
radiation, burns Chemical
agents: poisons, alcohol
Genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficits: obesity
Diagnostic Reasoning Hallmark of clinical judgment and requires careful analysis. Method
of collecting and analyzing clinical information with the following
components: (1) attending to initially available cues, (2) formulating
diagnostic hypotheses, (3) gathering data relative to the tentative
hypotheses, (4) evaluating each hypothesis with the new data
collected, and (5) arriving at a final diagnosis.
1/13
, Symptom Analysis Assessment and clinical decision making. The fixed properties of a
diagnostic test relate to its sensitivity and specificity.
Epidemiology The study of disease occurrence in a population
Diagnosis designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem
History The diagnostic process requires? (3)
Physical
Exam
Diagnostic Tests
History (Hx) used to obtain a person's account of their symptoms and their
progression and the factors that contribute to a diagnosis
Physical Exam (PE) Done to observe for signs of altered body structure or function
Diagnostic Tests Ordered to validate what is thought to be the problem; also
ordered to determine other possible health problems that were not
obtained from the Hx and PE but may be present given the signs and
symptoms.
Normal Established statistically from test results obtained from a selected
sample of people.
This value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve or
the 95% distribution.
Validity The extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is
extended to measure.
Reliability Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual
over repeated testings. Consistency.
Sensitivity The proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that
disease on a given test or observation; true-positive result.
Specificity The proportion of people without the disease who are negative on a
given test or observation; true-negative result
Greater the higher specificity, the the % of individuals who will have
negative for normal results, if they do not have the disease or
condition
Predictive Value Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or
absence of a person's condition. Depend more heavily on the
prevalence of the condition in the population.
2/13
