NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 3 Practice Questions and
Answers and Explanations | Latest - Chamberlain
1. What is the primary mechanism of injury in glomerulonephritis?
A. Direct bacterial invasion of the renal pelvis
B. Obstruction of the ureters by calcium stones
C. Immune complex deposition in the glomerular basement membrane
D. Ischemic necrosis of the proximal tubules
Answer: C
Explanation: Glomerulonephritis is primarily an inflammatory process mediated by
immune complexes (Type III hypersensitivity) that settle in the glomeruli.
2. Which clinical finding is most characteristic of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Hematuria with red blood cell casts
B. Massive proteinuria exceeding 3.5g per day
C. Acute hypertension and oliguria
D. Severe flank pain radiating to the groin
Answer: B
Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria due to increased
glomerular permeability, leading to hypoalbuminemia and edema.
,3. Prerenal acute kidney injury is most commonly caused by:
A. Aminoglycoside toxicity
B. Prostatic hypertrophy
C. Glomerular inflammation
D. Decreased renal perfusion or hypovolemia
Answer: D
Explanation: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce blood flow to the kidney, such
as dehydration, hemorrhage, or heart failure.
4. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) results in which
electrolyte abnormality?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: A
Explanation: SIADH causes excessive water reabsorption, which dilutes the serum sodium,
leading to dilutional hyponatremia.
5. Which hormone is deficient in patients with Diabetes Insipidus?
A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Aldosterone
,C. Insulin
D. Cortisol
Answer: A
Explanation: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH (neurogenic) or an
inability of the kidneys to respond to it (nephrogenic).
6. Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by:
A. Antibodies that stimulate TSH receptors
B. Antibodies that block TSH receptors
C. Destruction of the thyroid gland by T-cells
D. Overproduction of TRH by the hypothalamus
Answer: A
Explanation: Graves disease involves thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that bind
to and activate TSH receptors, causing hyperthyroidism.
7. What is the classic triad of symptoms in Pheochromocytoma?
A. Headache, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
B. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
C. Weight gain, bradycardia, and cold intolerance
D. Moon face, buffalo hump, and striae
Answer: A
, Explanation: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes
catecholamines, causing hypertension, headache, sweating, and rapid heart rate.
8. Cushing Syndrome is characterized by an excess of which hormone?
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Aldosterone
D. Growth Hormone
Answer: A
Explanation: Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure to excessive levels of
cortisol, regardless of the cause.
9. In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the primary pathophysiology is:
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Increased glucose production by the liver
C. Hypersecretion of glucagon by alpha cells
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Explanation: Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disease where T-cells attack and destroy
insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Answers and Explanations | Latest - Chamberlain
1. What is the primary mechanism of injury in glomerulonephritis?
A. Direct bacterial invasion of the renal pelvis
B. Obstruction of the ureters by calcium stones
C. Immune complex deposition in the glomerular basement membrane
D. Ischemic necrosis of the proximal tubules
Answer: C
Explanation: Glomerulonephritis is primarily an inflammatory process mediated by
immune complexes (Type III hypersensitivity) that settle in the glomeruli.
2. Which clinical finding is most characteristic of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Hematuria with red blood cell casts
B. Massive proteinuria exceeding 3.5g per day
C. Acute hypertension and oliguria
D. Severe flank pain radiating to the groin
Answer: B
Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria due to increased
glomerular permeability, leading to hypoalbuminemia and edema.
,3. Prerenal acute kidney injury is most commonly caused by:
A. Aminoglycoside toxicity
B. Prostatic hypertrophy
C. Glomerular inflammation
D. Decreased renal perfusion or hypovolemia
Answer: D
Explanation: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce blood flow to the kidney, such
as dehydration, hemorrhage, or heart failure.
4. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) results in which
electrolyte abnormality?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: A
Explanation: SIADH causes excessive water reabsorption, which dilutes the serum sodium,
leading to dilutional hyponatremia.
5. Which hormone is deficient in patients with Diabetes Insipidus?
A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Aldosterone
,C. Insulin
D. Cortisol
Answer: A
Explanation: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH (neurogenic) or an
inability of the kidneys to respond to it (nephrogenic).
6. Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by:
A. Antibodies that stimulate TSH receptors
B. Antibodies that block TSH receptors
C. Destruction of the thyroid gland by T-cells
D. Overproduction of TRH by the hypothalamus
Answer: A
Explanation: Graves disease involves thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that bind
to and activate TSH receptors, causing hyperthyroidism.
7. What is the classic triad of symptoms in Pheochromocytoma?
A. Headache, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
B. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
C. Weight gain, bradycardia, and cold intolerance
D. Moon face, buffalo hump, and striae
Answer: A
, Explanation: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes
catecholamines, causing hypertension, headache, sweating, and rapid heart rate.
8. Cushing Syndrome is characterized by an excess of which hormone?
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Aldosterone
D. Growth Hormone
Answer: A
Explanation: Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure to excessive levels of
cortisol, regardless of the cause.
9. In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the primary pathophysiology is:
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Increased glucose production by the liver
C. Hypersecretion of glucagon by alpha cells
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Explanation: Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disease where T-cells attack and destroy
insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
