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ANATOMY
Medicine Made Simple
, SCALP, TEMPLE & FACE
Scalp
Extent
Anteriorly - supraorbital margin
On each sides - superior temporal line
Posteriorly - superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance
5 layers
S - Skin
C - Connective tissue
A – Aponeurosis
(Epicranial/deep fascial galea)
L - Loose connective tissue
P - Pericranium
The 1st 3 layers are called the
surgical layers of the scalp /
scalp proper.
Skin
Thick (thickest in occipital region)
High concentration of sebaceous glands
Connective tissue (superficial fascia)
dense in the center
Contains many blood vessels and nerves
Aponeurosis
Epicranial aponeurosis is movable on
Pericranium
on each side attached to superior
temporal line – blends with
temporoparietal fascia
Occipitofrontalis
Occipitalis arises from the lateral 2/3rd
of superior nuchal line
Occipital muscle bellies are separated
across the midline by the aponeurosis
Occipitalis is innervated by posterior
auricular branch of facial nerve
Frontalis arises from the front of the aponeurosis/skin of forehead and is inserted to the upper part of
orbicularis oculi and overlying skin of the eyebrow. (Frontalis part has no attachment to the skull).
The subaponeurotic space extends down beneath the orbicularis oculi into the eyelids.
Bleeding anywhere beneath the aponeurosis may appear as a ‘black eye’ due to the blood tracking through
the space.
Frontalis muscle bellies are partially united in the midline and innervated by the temporal branch of the
facial nerve
Function of the frontalis muscle is to raise eyebrows & cause horizontal wrinkles in the forehead.
ANATOMY
Medicine Made Simple
, SCALP, TEMPLE & FACE
Scalp
Extent
Anteriorly - supraorbital margin
On each sides - superior temporal line
Posteriorly - superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance
5 layers
S - Skin
C - Connective tissue
A – Aponeurosis
(Epicranial/deep fascial galea)
L - Loose connective tissue
P - Pericranium
The 1st 3 layers are called the
surgical layers of the scalp /
scalp proper.
Skin
Thick (thickest in occipital region)
High concentration of sebaceous glands
Connective tissue (superficial fascia)
dense in the center
Contains many blood vessels and nerves
Aponeurosis
Epicranial aponeurosis is movable on
Pericranium
on each side attached to superior
temporal line – blends with
temporoparietal fascia
Occipitofrontalis
Occipitalis arises from the lateral 2/3rd
of superior nuchal line
Occipital muscle bellies are separated
across the midline by the aponeurosis
Occipitalis is innervated by posterior
auricular branch of facial nerve
Frontalis arises from the front of the aponeurosis/skin of forehead and is inserted to the upper part of
orbicularis oculi and overlying skin of the eyebrow. (Frontalis part has no attachment to the skull).
The subaponeurotic space extends down beneath the orbicularis oculi into the eyelids.
Bleeding anywhere beneath the aponeurosis may appear as a ‘black eye’ due to the blood tracking through
the space.
Frontalis muscle bellies are partially united in the midline and innervated by the temporal branch of the
facial nerve
Function of the frontalis muscle is to raise eyebrows & cause horizontal wrinkles in the forehead.
