BIOS 255 Anatomy & Physiology III review Questions
and Answers
Cardiovascular Physiology
1. Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation?
A. Left Atrium
B. Right Atrium
C. Left Ventricle
D. Right Ventricle
Answer: B) Right Atrium
Rationale: Venous return enters the right atrium via superior/inferior vena cava.
2. The pacemaker of the heart is:
A. AV Node
B. SA Node
C. Purkinje Fibers
D. Bundle of His
Answer: B) SA Node
Rationale: SA node initiates depolarization.
3. Cardiac output is calculated as:
A. HR ÷ SV
B. HR × SV
C. SV ÷ HR
D. BP × HR
Answer: B) HR × SV
Rationale: Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.
4. Which valve prevents backflow into the left atrium?
A. Tricuspid
B. Pulmonary
C. Mitral (Bicuspid)
D. Aortic
Answer: C) Mitral (Bicuspid)
5. Which factor increases afterload?
A. Vasodilation
B. Hypertension
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypovolemia
Answer: B) Hypertension
Blood & Hemostasis
6. Which protein is converted to fibrin during clot formation?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Albumin
C. Fibrinogen
,D. Prothrombin
Answer: C) Fibrinogen
7. Universal blood donor type:
A. AB
B. O
C. A
D. B
Answer: B) O
8. Which ion is essential for clotting cascade?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: C) Calcium
9. Platelets originate from:
A. Monocytes
B. Megakaryocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Erythroblasts
Answer: B) Megakaryocytes
10. Hematocrit measures:
A. Plasma proteins
B. RBC percentage
C. WBC count
D. Platelet volume
Answer: B) RBC percentage
Immune System
11. MHC Class I presents antigens to:
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. B cells
D. NK cells
Answer: B) Cytotoxic T cells
12. MHC Class II presents antigens to:
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. NK cells
D. Macrophages
Answer: A) Helper T cells
13. Innate immunity includes:
A. Antibody production
, B. Memory cells
C. Skin barrier
D. T cell activation
Answer: C) Skin barrier
14. Adaptive immunity is characterized by:
A. Non‑specific response
B. Memory formation
C. Immediate defense
D. Physical barriers
Answer: B) Memory formation
15. Which cells produce antibodies?
A. T cells
B. Plasma cells (B cells)
C. NK cells
D. Macrophages
Answer: B) Plasma cells (B cells)
Respiratory Physiology
16. Primary muscle of inspiration:
A. Intercostals
B. Diaphragm
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Abdominals
Answer: B) Diaphragm
17. Gas exchange occurs in:
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
D. Trachea
Answer: C) Alveoli
18. Normal resting respiratory rate in adults:
A. 6–10/min
B. 12–20/min
C. 20–30/min
D. 30–40/min
Answer: B) 12–20/min
19. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin at:
A. Iron atom in heme group
B. Globin chains
C. Plasma proteins
D. Platelets
Answer: A) Iron atom in heme group
and Answers
Cardiovascular Physiology
1. Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation?
A. Left Atrium
B. Right Atrium
C. Left Ventricle
D. Right Ventricle
Answer: B) Right Atrium
Rationale: Venous return enters the right atrium via superior/inferior vena cava.
2. The pacemaker of the heart is:
A. AV Node
B. SA Node
C. Purkinje Fibers
D. Bundle of His
Answer: B) SA Node
Rationale: SA node initiates depolarization.
3. Cardiac output is calculated as:
A. HR ÷ SV
B. HR × SV
C. SV ÷ HR
D. BP × HR
Answer: B) HR × SV
Rationale: Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.
4. Which valve prevents backflow into the left atrium?
A. Tricuspid
B. Pulmonary
C. Mitral (Bicuspid)
D. Aortic
Answer: C) Mitral (Bicuspid)
5. Which factor increases afterload?
A. Vasodilation
B. Hypertension
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypovolemia
Answer: B) Hypertension
Blood & Hemostasis
6. Which protein is converted to fibrin during clot formation?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Albumin
C. Fibrinogen
,D. Prothrombin
Answer: C) Fibrinogen
7. Universal blood donor type:
A. AB
B. O
C. A
D. B
Answer: B) O
8. Which ion is essential for clotting cascade?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: C) Calcium
9. Platelets originate from:
A. Monocytes
B. Megakaryocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Erythroblasts
Answer: B) Megakaryocytes
10. Hematocrit measures:
A. Plasma proteins
B. RBC percentage
C. WBC count
D. Platelet volume
Answer: B) RBC percentage
Immune System
11. MHC Class I presents antigens to:
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. B cells
D. NK cells
Answer: B) Cytotoxic T cells
12. MHC Class II presents antigens to:
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. NK cells
D. Macrophages
Answer: A) Helper T cells
13. Innate immunity includes:
A. Antibody production
, B. Memory cells
C. Skin barrier
D. T cell activation
Answer: C) Skin barrier
14. Adaptive immunity is characterized by:
A. Non‑specific response
B. Memory formation
C. Immediate defense
D. Physical barriers
Answer: B) Memory formation
15. Which cells produce antibodies?
A. T cells
B. Plasma cells (B cells)
C. NK cells
D. Macrophages
Answer: B) Plasma cells (B cells)
Respiratory Physiology
16. Primary muscle of inspiration:
A. Intercostals
B. Diaphragm
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Abdominals
Answer: B) Diaphragm
17. Gas exchange occurs in:
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
D. Trachea
Answer: C) Alveoli
18. Normal resting respiratory rate in adults:
A. 6–10/min
B. 12–20/min
C. 20–30/min
D. 30–40/min
Answer: B) 12–20/min
19. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin at:
A. Iron atom in heme group
B. Globin chains
C. Plasma proteins
D. Platelets
Answer: A) Iron atom in heme group
