ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Chromatin is observable in? - ANS Nondividing cells
What is considered the key to accurate replication? - ANS Complementary base pairing
RNA is used to direct what? - ANS Protein synthesis
The chief function of ribosomes is to provide site for what? - ANS Protein synthesis
The process of nuclear division in cell reproduction is known as? - ANS Mitosis
Reproduction of the sperm and egg cells occurs through the process of? - ANS Meiosis
What is an example of a sex-influenced trait? - ANS Breast cancer
What is an example of a sex-limited trait? - ANS Male pattern baldness
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,What is true of autosomal recessive inheritance? - ANS Males and females are effected
equally
At the end of telophase, what event occurs? - ANS Two daughter cells have been formed
Cytokines are chemicals transmitted within and between cells to control and regulate cell what?
- ANS Growth
Each living organism uses different genetic building blocks (i.e., DNA bases) to specify proteins.
True/False - ANS False
DNA structure is demonstrated by the double-helix model. True/False - ANS True
There are four types of nitrogenous bases. True/False - ANS True
Of the nitrogenous bases, adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine.
True/False - ANS False
The body contains 20 different types of amino acids. These are specified with different
combinations of the bases occurring in groups of three. True/False - ANS True- these triplets
of bases are known as codons
In each human cell there are normally 23 pairs of chromosomes in which genetic information is
stored. True/False - ANS True
The 23rd pair of chromosomes contains the pair of sex chromosomes. True/False - ANS True
A male child receives the Y chromosome from his mother and the X chromosome from his
father. True/False - ANS False
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,Mitosis is a type of cell division particular to reproduction. True/False - ANS False- meiosis
What is of the risk is associated with Huntington disease? - ANS Risk of affected parent and
unaffected parent having an affected offspring = 50%
What is the risk associated with cystic fibrosis? - ANS Risk of parents who are unaffected but
are both carriers having an affected offspring = 25%
What is the risk associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? - ANS Risk that a son of a
mother who is carrier and a father who is unaffected will have the disease = 50%; risk that a
daughter from this mating will have the disease = 0%
DNA contains? - ANS The genetic code for all parts of the body
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine are? - ANS Nitrogenous bases
The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino acid is called a? - ANS Codon
The base components of RNA are? - ANS A, G, C, and U
In the DNA helix, guanine pairs with? - ANS Cytosine
The process by which RNA is formed from DNA for protein synthesis is called? -
ANS Transcription
Before translation, what of the following steps must occur? - ANS DNA unzipping and
complementary base pairing
Mutations can result in abnormal? - ANS DNA, RNA, and proteins
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, Which of the following statements about mutations is correct? - ANS Mutations are
alterations in normal DNA sequence.
Clastogens are agents that cause? - ANS Chromosomal breakage
Silent mutations usually cause? - ANS No problems
The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment, is
called the disease? - ANS Phenotype
A karyotype is? - ANS an ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single
cell.
Which of the following types of genetic disorders is the most common cause of miscarriage? -
ANS Chromosomal
A somatic cell that contains a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called? - ANS An euploid cell
The condition in which a single chromosome is missing in each cell is called? -
ANS Monosomy
Which of the following genetic disorders results in severe mental retardation caused by a
deletion of part of a chromosome? - ANS Cri du chat syndrome
Trisomy is a form of? - ANS Aneuploidy
Chromosomal nondisjunction results in? - ANS Monosomies and trisomies
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Chromatin is observable in? - ANS Nondividing cells
What is considered the key to accurate replication? - ANS Complementary base pairing
RNA is used to direct what? - ANS Protein synthesis
The chief function of ribosomes is to provide site for what? - ANS Protein synthesis
The process of nuclear division in cell reproduction is known as? - ANS Mitosis
Reproduction of the sperm and egg cells occurs through the process of? - ANS Meiosis
What is an example of a sex-influenced trait? - ANS Breast cancer
What is an example of a sex-limited trait? - ANS Male pattern baldness
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,What is true of autosomal recessive inheritance? - ANS Males and females are effected
equally
At the end of telophase, what event occurs? - ANS Two daughter cells have been formed
Cytokines are chemicals transmitted within and between cells to control and regulate cell what?
- ANS Growth
Each living organism uses different genetic building blocks (i.e., DNA bases) to specify proteins.
True/False - ANS False
DNA structure is demonstrated by the double-helix model. True/False - ANS True
There are four types of nitrogenous bases. True/False - ANS True
Of the nitrogenous bases, adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine.
True/False - ANS False
The body contains 20 different types of amino acids. These are specified with different
combinations of the bases occurring in groups of three. True/False - ANS True- these triplets
of bases are known as codons
In each human cell there are normally 23 pairs of chromosomes in which genetic information is
stored. True/False - ANS True
The 23rd pair of chromosomes contains the pair of sex chromosomes. True/False - ANS True
A male child receives the Y chromosome from his mother and the X chromosome from his
father. True/False - ANS False
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,Mitosis is a type of cell division particular to reproduction. True/False - ANS False- meiosis
What is of the risk is associated with Huntington disease? - ANS Risk of affected parent and
unaffected parent having an affected offspring = 50%
What is the risk associated with cystic fibrosis? - ANS Risk of parents who are unaffected but
are both carriers having an affected offspring = 25%
What is the risk associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? - ANS Risk that a son of a
mother who is carrier and a father who is unaffected will have the disease = 50%; risk that a
daughter from this mating will have the disease = 0%
DNA contains? - ANS The genetic code for all parts of the body
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine are? - ANS Nitrogenous bases
The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino acid is called a? - ANS Codon
The base components of RNA are? - ANS A, G, C, and U
In the DNA helix, guanine pairs with? - ANS Cytosine
The process by which RNA is formed from DNA for protein synthesis is called? -
ANS Transcription
Before translation, what of the following steps must occur? - ANS DNA unzipping and
complementary base pairing
Mutations can result in abnormal? - ANS DNA, RNA, and proteins
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, Which of the following statements about mutations is correct? - ANS Mutations are
alterations in normal DNA sequence.
Clastogens are agents that cause? - ANS Chromosomal breakage
Silent mutations usually cause? - ANS No problems
The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment, is
called the disease? - ANS Phenotype
A karyotype is? - ANS an ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single
cell.
Which of the following types of genetic disorders is the most common cause of miscarriage? -
ANS Chromosomal
A somatic cell that contains a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called? - ANS An euploid cell
The condition in which a single chromosome is missing in each cell is called? -
ANS Monosomy
Which of the following genetic disorders results in severe mental retardation caused by a
deletion of part of a chromosome? - ANS Cri du chat syndrome
Trisomy is a form of? - ANS Aneuploidy
Chromosomal nondisjunction results in? - ANS Monosomies and trisomies
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
