TESTBANK
COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE THE BIOLOGY OF THE MIND FIFTH EDITION
BY MICHAEL GAZZANIGA, RICHARD B IVRY, GEORGE R MA
NGUN
,Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1 Explain the origins of the field of cognitive neuroscience.
1.2 Describe the roots of the debate over localization of function.
1.3 Explain the ways in which brain structure was studied.
1.4 Understand the philosophical origins of cognitive psychology.
1.5 Discuss behaviorism and its principal tenets.
1.6 Explain how and why cognitive psychology came to the forefront of the psychological fields.
1.7 Identify the different methods that are used to measure brain function and structure.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
, Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are respon
sible for the conscious mind?
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d. relativism
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
6.
René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a s
ingle brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?
a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes
b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of
the following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction
b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
A central issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities
arise from networks of brain areas working together.
are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
are best studied using the scientific method.
can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
The discipline of phrenology was founded by
Broca and Wernicke. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington.
Fritsch and Hitzig. Gall and Spurzheim.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an indivi
dual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that
skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas bene
ath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that alter
the shape of the skull in specific ways.
life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to ce
rtain traits, such as aggressiveness.
the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft b
rain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
11. Localizationist is to as holistic is to .
a. Wernicke; Gal
l c. Flourens; Broca
, b. Gall; Flourens d. Broca; Wernicke
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because
he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed.
he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics.
he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed.
he used his own skull as the base model.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in beha
vior, is most associated with
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization in
the cerebral cortex was that
speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions.
the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions.
seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex.
focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Analyzing
In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that
he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
he was not a scientist.
his method was correlational.
All of the answer options are correct.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Analyzing
Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him?
You are a domineering person.
Your father was a very domineering person.
Your brother is a domineering person.
Your mother was a very domineering person.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying
The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language
and memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as
a. the neuron doctrine. c. rationalism.
b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE THE BIOLOGY OF THE MIND FIFTH EDITION
BY MICHAEL GAZZANIGA, RICHARD B IVRY, GEORGE R MA
NGUN
,Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1 Explain the origins of the field of cognitive neuroscience.
1.2 Describe the roots of the debate over localization of function.
1.3 Explain the ways in which brain structure was studied.
1.4 Understand the philosophical origins of cognitive psychology.
1.5 Discuss behaviorism and its principal tenets.
1.6 Explain how and why cognitive psychology came to the forefront of the psychological fields.
1.7 Identify the different methods that are used to measure brain function and structure.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
, Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are respon
sible for the conscious mind?
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d. relativism
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
6.
René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a s
ingle brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?
a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes
b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of
the following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction
b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
A central issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities
arise from networks of brain areas working together.
are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
are best studied using the scientific method.
can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
The discipline of phrenology was founded by
Broca and Wernicke. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington.
Fritsch and Hitzig. Gall and Spurzheim.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an indivi
dual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that
skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas bene
ath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that alter
the shape of the skull in specific ways.
life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to ce
rtain traits, such as aggressiveness.
the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft b
rain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
11. Localizationist is to as holistic is to .
a. Wernicke; Gal
l c. Flourens; Broca
, b. Gall; Flourens d. Broca; Wernicke
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because
he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed.
he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics.
he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed.
he used his own skull as the base model.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in beha
vior, is most associated with
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization in
the cerebral cortex was that
speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions.
the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions.
seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex.
focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Analyzing
In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that
he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
he was not a scientist.
his method was correlational.
All of the answer options are correct.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Analyzing
Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him?
You are a domineering person.
Your father was a very domineering person.
Your brother is a domineering person.
Your mother was a very domineering person.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying
The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language
and memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as
a. the neuron doctrine. c. rationalism.
b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story
