Colonial New England - ANSWER Colonial New England underwent a rapid series of
changes in the century that passed between its worst armed conflict with local Indians,
known as Metacom's War, and the American Revolution. The devout Puritan beliefs that had
shaped settlement in the early seventeenth century were challenged both from without and
from within.
Chesapeake Bay settlers - ANSWER Since those early explorations, the Chesapeake Bay
has enjoyed a varied maritime history. Bay waters have been traveled by all manner of ships
throughout the ages, often specifically designed or modified to sail the Chesapeake's shallow
waters. First settled by Spanish then by French.
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER A Puritan spiritual adviser. Hutchinson was criticized for
stepping out of the role of women. Preached that no "covenant of works." Salvation was
through "covenant of grace."
Constitutional Convention 1787 - ANSWER On May 25, 1787, 55 delegates, represent-
ing every state but Rhode Island, met at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia. The
first question facing the delegates was whether to attempt to amend the Articles of Confed-
eration or to throw out the Articles and create a new framework of government.
Virginia Plan - ANSWER The Virginia Plan called for a strong, unified national govern-
ment rather than a loose confederation of states. The Plan gave Congress unbridled powers
of legislation and taxation, and allowed Congress to veto state laws and use military force
against the states. The Plan further called for a bicameral legislature with representation in
both houses based on state population.
Washington's Farewell Address - ANSWER He reflects on the emerging issues of the
American political landscape in 1796, expresses his support for the government eight years
1
, after the adoption of the Constitution, defends his administration's record, and gives valedic-
tory advice to the American people.
Articles of Confederation - ANSWER Failures: raising and maintaining a military, Com-
merce between the states, foreign relations, money, and raising taxes.
Successes: The Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance created territorial govern-
ment, set up protocols for the admission of new states, the division of land into useful units,
and set aside land in each township for public use.
Marbury v. Madison - ANSWER Marbury had a right to the commission. The law grants
Marbury a remedy. The Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and de-
termine whether they are unconstitutional and therefore void. Congress cannot expand the
scope of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction beyond what is specified in Article III of
the Constitution. The Supreme Court does not have original jurisdiction to issue writs of
mandamus.
French and Indian War - ANSWER Was a war fought by French and English on Ameri-
can soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Sig-
nificance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change
attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.
War of 1812 - ANSWER A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American
outrage over the impresment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of Ameri-
can ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.
Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to
annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The
War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in
Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by An-
drew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Wash-
ington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the
U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at
the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The
war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry.
Beliefs of Thomas Jefferson - ANSWER He believed that slavery was a great moral evil.
2
changes in the century that passed between its worst armed conflict with local Indians,
known as Metacom's War, and the American Revolution. The devout Puritan beliefs that had
shaped settlement in the early seventeenth century were challenged both from without and
from within.
Chesapeake Bay settlers - ANSWER Since those early explorations, the Chesapeake Bay
has enjoyed a varied maritime history. Bay waters have been traveled by all manner of ships
throughout the ages, often specifically designed or modified to sail the Chesapeake's shallow
waters. First settled by Spanish then by French.
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER A Puritan spiritual adviser. Hutchinson was criticized for
stepping out of the role of women. Preached that no "covenant of works." Salvation was
through "covenant of grace."
Constitutional Convention 1787 - ANSWER On May 25, 1787, 55 delegates, represent-
ing every state but Rhode Island, met at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia. The
first question facing the delegates was whether to attempt to amend the Articles of Confed-
eration or to throw out the Articles and create a new framework of government.
Virginia Plan - ANSWER The Virginia Plan called for a strong, unified national govern-
ment rather than a loose confederation of states. The Plan gave Congress unbridled powers
of legislation and taxation, and allowed Congress to veto state laws and use military force
against the states. The Plan further called for a bicameral legislature with representation in
both houses based on state population.
Washington's Farewell Address - ANSWER He reflects on the emerging issues of the
American political landscape in 1796, expresses his support for the government eight years
1
, after the adoption of the Constitution, defends his administration's record, and gives valedic-
tory advice to the American people.
Articles of Confederation - ANSWER Failures: raising and maintaining a military, Com-
merce between the states, foreign relations, money, and raising taxes.
Successes: The Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance created territorial govern-
ment, set up protocols for the admission of new states, the division of land into useful units,
and set aside land in each township for public use.
Marbury v. Madison - ANSWER Marbury had a right to the commission. The law grants
Marbury a remedy. The Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and de-
termine whether they are unconstitutional and therefore void. Congress cannot expand the
scope of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction beyond what is specified in Article III of
the Constitution. The Supreme Court does not have original jurisdiction to issue writs of
mandamus.
French and Indian War - ANSWER Was a war fought by French and English on Ameri-
can soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Sig-
nificance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change
attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.
War of 1812 - ANSWER A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American
outrage over the impresment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of Ameri-
can ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.
Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to
annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The
War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in
Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by An-
drew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Wash-
ington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the
U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at
the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The
war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry.
Beliefs of Thomas Jefferson - ANSWER He believed that slavery was a great moral evil.
2
