The following medications should be used to treat Raynauds except (select 2)
1) Beta Blocker
2) Calcium Channel Blocker
3) Alpha-1 Blocker
4) Alpha-2 Blocker
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1) Beta Blocker
2) Calcium Channel Blocker
3) Alpha-1 Blocker (Prazosin)
4) Alpha-2 Blocker
What would explain the etiology of aortic stenosis in the following age groups?
<30 years
,60-70 years
>70 years
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<30 years congenital (bicuspid aortic valve)
60-70 years rheumatic
>70 years degenerative
What are the three main entities of acute heart failure?
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1) worsening HF
2) new onset (valve rupture, large MI, HTN crisis)
3) end-stage HF refractory to therapy
Anesthesia considerations for systolic vs diastolic HF
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Systolic
- increased HR is expected; compensation mechanism to
maintain CO
Diastolic
- Avoid tachycardia; decreased filling time
- Avoid dehydration
- Avoid positive inotropes
,Aortic Aneurysms
Causes (5)
Symptoms (4)
Diagnosis (2)
What size must be repaired? (cm)
Anesthesia considerations (2)
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Atherosclosis most common cause in both AA and dissection
Aortic Aneurysm
Causes: hypertension #1 risk factor for thoracic, pregnancy, trauma,
deceleration injury, genetic
Symptoms
- mostly asymptomatic
- hoarseness (compression of left RLN)
- dysphagia
- aortic regurgitation
***AAA - asymptomatic pulsatile abdominal mass; cool extremities;
claudication
Diagnosis:
- TEE fastest
- Widened mediastinum on CXR
***Elective repair until > 5.5cm!
Anesthesia Considerations
1) Avoid HTN -> blunt SNS during DL
2) Smooth emergence
Commotio Cordis
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MVA, fight, falls, sports... direct blunt trauma over heart
during T wave => Vfib
Tx: defibrillate
Aortic Stenosis
1) Physical exam findings
2) Symptoms with estimated survival after presentation if untreated
3) Golden standard for diagnosis
4) Treatment
5) Indications for percutaneous aortic valvotomy
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1) Beta Blocker
2) Calcium Channel Blocker
3) Alpha-1 Blocker
4) Alpha-2 Blocker
Give this one a try later!
1) Beta Blocker
2) Calcium Channel Blocker
3) Alpha-1 Blocker (Prazosin)
4) Alpha-2 Blocker
What would explain the etiology of aortic stenosis in the following age groups?
<30 years
,60-70 years
>70 years
Give this one a try later!
<30 years congenital (bicuspid aortic valve)
60-70 years rheumatic
>70 years degenerative
What are the three main entities of acute heart failure?
Give this one a try later!
1) worsening HF
2) new onset (valve rupture, large MI, HTN crisis)
3) end-stage HF refractory to therapy
Anesthesia considerations for systolic vs diastolic HF
Give this one a try later!
Systolic
- increased HR is expected; compensation mechanism to
maintain CO
Diastolic
- Avoid tachycardia; decreased filling time
- Avoid dehydration
- Avoid positive inotropes
,Aortic Aneurysms
Causes (5)
Symptoms (4)
Diagnosis (2)
What size must be repaired? (cm)
Anesthesia considerations (2)
Give this one a try later!
Atherosclosis most common cause in both AA and dissection
Aortic Aneurysm
Causes: hypertension #1 risk factor for thoracic, pregnancy, trauma,
deceleration injury, genetic
Symptoms
- mostly asymptomatic
- hoarseness (compression of left RLN)
- dysphagia
- aortic regurgitation
***AAA - asymptomatic pulsatile abdominal mass; cool extremities;
claudication
Diagnosis:
- TEE fastest
- Widened mediastinum on CXR
***Elective repair until > 5.5cm!
Anesthesia Considerations
1) Avoid HTN -> blunt SNS during DL
2) Smooth emergence
Commotio Cordis
, Give this one a try later!
MVA, fight, falls, sports... direct blunt trauma over heart
during T wave => Vfib
Tx: defibrillate
Aortic Stenosis
1) Physical exam findings
2) Symptoms with estimated survival after presentation if untreated
3) Golden standard for diagnosis
4) Treatment
5) Indications for percutaneous aortic valvotomy
Give this one a try later!
