COMD 4450 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
Components of language - ANS phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics
phonology - ANS -using speech sounds in a particular sequence
-how phonemes are strung together
semantics - ANS word meaning
morphology - ANS -plurals, vern tense, adverbs
-rules deriving word forms
pragmatics - ANS -social appropriateness
syntax - ANS grammar; how words are sequenced in a sentence
normal language development; prelinguistic communication development - ANS -elements:
illocution, locution, perlocution
-infant's behaviors are not intentional communication, but at interpreted as intentional
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,-protoconversation (3 months)
-triadic conversation (6 months)
-illocutionary period (8-12 months)
-locutionary period (12 months)
illocution - ANS intention to communicate
locution - ANS the speaker expressing intention
perlocution - ANS the listener interpreting another's intended utterance
protoconversation - ANS caregiver initiates an interaction using play dialogue; pauses and
allows baby to vocalize
tradic interactions - ANS interaction extends to object of interest
illocutionary period - ANS -infant shows signs of intended communication
-following eye direction
-gaze
-gestures
locutionary period - ANS -use joint attention to locate objects outside of their immediate
visual field
-use words more than gestures
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, prelinguistic vocal development - ANS -stage 1: reflexive vocalizations
-stage 2: cooing and laughter
-stage 3: vocal play
-stage 4: canonical babbling
-stage 5: jargon stage
prelinguistic vocal development: stage 1 - ANS -reflexive vocalizations (birth-2 months)
-birth cry in response to first breath
-cry= pain, hunger, danger
-coughing, grunting, burping
-vegetative sounds= sighs and other sounds associated with feeding
prelinguistic vocal development: stage 2 - ANS -cooing and laughter (2-4 months)
-vocalizations associated with pleasure and laugher
-cooing= comfort
-laughing= 16 weeks
-crying and vegetative sounds are reduced from 12 weeks on
prelinguistic vocal development: stage 3 - ANS -vocal play (4-6 months)
-greater number of vowel and consonant-like sounds
-usage of front plosives and nasals
-marginal babbling
-squeals and yells
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
Components of language - ANS phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics
phonology - ANS -using speech sounds in a particular sequence
-how phonemes are strung together
semantics - ANS word meaning
morphology - ANS -plurals, vern tense, adverbs
-rules deriving word forms
pragmatics - ANS -social appropriateness
syntax - ANS grammar; how words are sequenced in a sentence
normal language development; prelinguistic communication development - ANS -elements:
illocution, locution, perlocution
-infant's behaviors are not intentional communication, but at interpreted as intentional
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,-protoconversation (3 months)
-triadic conversation (6 months)
-illocutionary period (8-12 months)
-locutionary period (12 months)
illocution - ANS intention to communicate
locution - ANS the speaker expressing intention
perlocution - ANS the listener interpreting another's intended utterance
protoconversation - ANS caregiver initiates an interaction using play dialogue; pauses and
allows baby to vocalize
tradic interactions - ANS interaction extends to object of interest
illocutionary period - ANS -infant shows signs of intended communication
-following eye direction
-gaze
-gestures
locutionary period - ANS -use joint attention to locate objects outside of their immediate
visual field
-use words more than gestures
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, prelinguistic vocal development - ANS -stage 1: reflexive vocalizations
-stage 2: cooing and laughter
-stage 3: vocal play
-stage 4: canonical babbling
-stage 5: jargon stage
prelinguistic vocal development: stage 1 - ANS -reflexive vocalizations (birth-2 months)
-birth cry in response to first breath
-cry= pain, hunger, danger
-coughing, grunting, burping
-vegetative sounds= sighs and other sounds associated with feeding
prelinguistic vocal development: stage 2 - ANS -cooing and laughter (2-4 months)
-vocalizations associated with pleasure and laugher
-cooing= comfort
-laughing= 16 weeks
-crying and vegetative sounds are reduced from 12 weeks on
prelinguistic vocal development: stage 3 - ANS -vocal play (4-6 months)
-greater number of vowel and consonant-like sounds
-usage of front plosives and nasals
-marginal babbling
-squeals and yells
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
