Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
type 1 diabetes Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is
characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose
levels. polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia.
type 2 diabetes Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese
individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from
impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with
increased insulin production.
Pathophysiology of diabetes The pathophysiology of diabetes involves plasm concentrations of glucose
signaling the central nervous system to mobilize energy reserves. It is based on
cerebral blood flow and tissue integrity, arterial plasma glucose, the speed that
plasma glucose concentrations fall, and other available metabolic fuels. Low
plasma glucose causes a surge in autonomic activity.
acromegaly abnormal enlargement of the extremities. occurs in adults
hyperthyroidism excessive activity of the thyroid gland- >thyroxine
ØInsomnia, restlessness, tremor, irritability, palpitations, heat intolerance,
diaphoresis, diarrhea, inability to concentrate that interferes with work
performance; enlarged thyroid gland
ØIncreased basal metabolic rate leads to weight loss, although appetite and
dietary intake increase.
hyperperathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the parathyroid
glands become overactive and secrete too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This
causes the levels of calcium in the blood to rise, a condition known as
hypercalcemia.
childhood gigantism pituitary gigantism when your child's pituitary gland makes too much growth
hormone, which is also known as somatotropin. if not treated they will have a
lower life expectancy and weak limbs. risk of cardiomegaly and heart failure
hypothyroidism A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than
normal
ØDecreased basal metabolic rate
ØWeakness, lethargy, cold intolerance, decreased appetite
ØBradycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and mild/moderate weight gain
ØElevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides
ØEnlarged thyroid, dry skin, constipation
ØDepression, difficulties with concentration/memory
ØLoss of eyebrow
Menstrual irregularity
primary hypothyroidism Hashimoto's disease (causes your immune system to mistakenly attack your
thyroid) fatigue, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, depression, muscle weakness.
, secondary hypothyroidism low TSH low levels of T3 and T4
myxedema occurs in severe or prolonged hypothyroidism.
ØGeneralized, non-pitting edema
ØDecreased level of consciousness, hypotension, hypothermia, history of
precipitating event (trauma, sepsis, certain drugs)
ØMay progress to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition if treatment not
received
graves disease primary hyperthyroidism
removal of thyroid
Amenorrhea absence of menstruation
In primary amenorrhea, menstrual periods have never begun (by age 16), whereas
secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for three
consecutive cycles or a time period of more than six months in a woman who was
previously menstruating.
Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol
or aldosterone
adrenal gland failure
cardiogenic shock A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body,
caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of
a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions. -tachycardia, loss
of consciousness, low BP
end-stage renal disease The final stage of kidney failure (as that resulting from diabetes, chronic
hypertension, or glomerulonephritis) is marked by the complete or nearly
complete irreversible loss of renal function. Nausea.
Vomiting.
Loss of appetite.
Fatigue and weakness.
Sleep problems.
Changes in how much you urinate.
Decreased mental sharpness.
Muscle twitches and cramps.
patient has dizziness, increased heart rate, and just had take vitals, take ECG, electrolyte panal
dialysis, what would you do?
Cushing's disease too much ACTH
gain water weight
bleed easily
bone density reduced
lathargic
moon face
personality changes
gynecomastia
Øterm only used for pituitary hyperstimulation of adrenal cortex; secretes excess
cortisol
Questions and CORRECT Answers
type 1 diabetes Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is
characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose
levels. polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia.
type 2 diabetes Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese
individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from
impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with
increased insulin production.
Pathophysiology of diabetes The pathophysiology of diabetes involves plasm concentrations of glucose
signaling the central nervous system to mobilize energy reserves. It is based on
cerebral blood flow and tissue integrity, arterial plasma glucose, the speed that
plasma glucose concentrations fall, and other available metabolic fuels. Low
plasma glucose causes a surge in autonomic activity.
acromegaly abnormal enlargement of the extremities. occurs in adults
hyperthyroidism excessive activity of the thyroid gland- >thyroxine
ØInsomnia, restlessness, tremor, irritability, palpitations, heat intolerance,
diaphoresis, diarrhea, inability to concentrate that interferes with work
performance; enlarged thyroid gland
ØIncreased basal metabolic rate leads to weight loss, although appetite and
dietary intake increase.
hyperperathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the parathyroid
glands become overactive and secrete too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This
causes the levels of calcium in the blood to rise, a condition known as
hypercalcemia.
childhood gigantism pituitary gigantism when your child's pituitary gland makes too much growth
hormone, which is also known as somatotropin. if not treated they will have a
lower life expectancy and weak limbs. risk of cardiomegaly and heart failure
hypothyroidism A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than
normal
ØDecreased basal metabolic rate
ØWeakness, lethargy, cold intolerance, decreased appetite
ØBradycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and mild/moderate weight gain
ØElevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides
ØEnlarged thyroid, dry skin, constipation
ØDepression, difficulties with concentration/memory
ØLoss of eyebrow
Menstrual irregularity
primary hypothyroidism Hashimoto's disease (causes your immune system to mistakenly attack your
thyroid) fatigue, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, depression, muscle weakness.
, secondary hypothyroidism low TSH low levels of T3 and T4
myxedema occurs in severe or prolonged hypothyroidism.
ØGeneralized, non-pitting edema
ØDecreased level of consciousness, hypotension, hypothermia, history of
precipitating event (trauma, sepsis, certain drugs)
ØMay progress to myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition if treatment not
received
graves disease primary hyperthyroidism
removal of thyroid
Amenorrhea absence of menstruation
In primary amenorrhea, menstrual periods have never begun (by age 16), whereas
secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for three
consecutive cycles or a time period of more than six months in a woman who was
previously menstruating.
Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol
or aldosterone
adrenal gland failure
cardiogenic shock A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body,
caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of
a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions. -tachycardia, loss
of consciousness, low BP
end-stage renal disease The final stage of kidney failure (as that resulting from diabetes, chronic
hypertension, or glomerulonephritis) is marked by the complete or nearly
complete irreversible loss of renal function. Nausea.
Vomiting.
Loss of appetite.
Fatigue and weakness.
Sleep problems.
Changes in how much you urinate.
Decreased mental sharpness.
Muscle twitches and cramps.
patient has dizziness, increased heart rate, and just had take vitals, take ECG, electrolyte panal
dialysis, what would you do?
Cushing's disease too much ACTH
gain water weight
bleed easily
bone density reduced
lathargic
moon face
personality changes
gynecomastia
Øterm only used for pituitary hyperstimulation of adrenal cortex; secretes excess
cortisol
